Bell Ringer 4/15 What do you think the causes of World War II are?

Causes of World War II

Quick Facts A. War Costs US Debt 1940 - $9 billion US Debt 1945 - $98 billion The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776

Quick Facts: B. Human Costs 50 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI) 21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians) 11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others)

Bell Ringer 4/16 Who were the 6 main leaders in WWII? Why were they seen as leaders? Explain why people followed them. https://www.teachertube.com/video/dwights-speech-from-quotthe-officequot-137908

When? 1939-1945 US involvement 1941-1945 1939 1941 1945 Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war) Sept. 3 -Britain & France declare war on Germany Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War May - Germans Surrender Sept. - Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender

Who? Axis Allies (major powers) (major powers) Great Britain Germany Russia Italy Japan United States France (note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)

Major Leaders Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany Benito Mussolini Italy

Major Leaders Hideki Tojo Winston Churchill Japanese Prime Minister British Prime Minister

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Major Leaders Joseph Stalin Russian Leader Franklin Delano Roosevelt US President

There were many events throughout the world that led to the beginning of World War 2. In many ways, World War 2 was a direct result of the turmoil left behind by World War 1. Below are some of the main causes of World War 2

Cause #1: The Treaty of Versailles Ended World War I War Guilt Clause – Germany to accept blame for WWI Reparations – Germany had to pay 63 billion in damages (768 billion today)

Disarmament – Germany only allowed to have a small army and six naval ships (No tanks, no air force and no submarines) Territorial Clauses – Land was taken away from Germany and given to other countries. The problem with the treaty is that it left the German economy in ruins. People were starving and the government was in chaos. 

Stop and Think! How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the causes of World War II? Turn and discuss the question with a neighbor. Be prepared to share your answers with the class!

Bell Ringer 4/17 What does appeasement mean?

Cause #2: Japanese Expansion Date: September 1931 & 1937 Nation: Japan Action: Invasion of Manchuria Invaded China Why: Not enough land or resources to sustain people. Japan withdrew from the League and created international isolation

Invasion of Manchuria

Cause #3: Fascism With the economic turmoil left behind by WWI, some countries were taken over by dictators who formed powerful fascist governments. They wanted to expand their empires Italy, Germany, Spain Fascism: extreme in belief, has a dictator and uses oppression to enforce their authority.

Hitler and the Nazi Party Germans were desperate They needed someone to help them Hitler and the Nazi Party rose to power. He soon became a dictator

Built up the military Decided to expand his empire to restore the nation. Took over Austria in 1938 Took over Czechoslovakia in 1939

People did not want to get into another war! When Italy and Germany began taking over other countries France and Britain chose to appease them Appeasement – tried to make them happy rather than try to stop them. Ignored the situation Cause #4: Appeasement

They hoped that by meeting Hitler’s demands he would be satisfied and not cause a war. This backfired… hugely. Built Hitler’s confidence and gave him time to build his army.

Cause #5 Great Depression The world was going through a time of great economic suffering Many people unemployed and struggling to survive This led to unstable governments

Some other Immediate Factors to War Date: April 1, 1939 Nation: Spain Action: the end of the Civil War Reaction: Francisco Franco became dictator of Spain

Spanish Civil War ends

Some other Immediate Factors to War Date: April 7-12, 1939 Nation: Italy Action: invaded Albania Reaction: Mussolini declared the Italian Empire as emerging.

Invasion of Albania

Non-Aggression Pact signed in August 1939 by Hitler and Stalin agreed not to invade one another Hitler did not want to fight a two front war Stalin did not trust Hitler, but did want to buy Soviet Union more time to build up their army

Immediate Factors to War Date: September 1939 Nation: Germany Action: Invaded Poland Reaction: Soviet Union invaded other half of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany to begin WWII. U.S. declared neutrality.

Invasion of Poland

Stop and Think! Why do you think the European powers agreed to appease Hitler?

Bell Ringer 4/18 How do you think Utah was affected by the war? How would a major war affect you today?

League of Nations International Group Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland Created after the First World War to avoid international disputes Proposed by U.S. President Wilson

League of Nations Key Nations who were not members United States: refused to join to remain neutral Germany: not allowed to join because of war guilt clause Soviet Union: not allowed to join because of communist government

League of Nations Reaction to aggression: Verbal sanctions: issue warning Economic sanctions: trade restrictions Physical sanctions: military force League of Nations

Let’s summarize … How did the actions of aggressive nations lead to World War II?