At 6 months of age, PPARγ deletion in late osteoblast/osteocyte controls glucose homeostasis by increasing metabolic rate and glucose uptake in WAT, BAT,

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At 6 months of age, PPARγ deletion in late osteoblast/osteocyte controls glucose homeostasis by increasing metabolic rate and glucose uptake in WAT, BAT, and bone and improves insulin sensitivity. At 6 months of age, PPARγ deletion in late osteoblast/osteocyte controls glucose homeostasis by increasing metabolic rate and glucose uptake in WAT, BAT, and bone and improves insulin sensitivity. A–C: Body composition analyzed in vivo by PIXImus; body weight (A), fat mass percentage (%) (B), and lean mass percentage (C) (n = 8 per group). D: Glucose AUC obtained during a GTT (n = 8 per group). E: GTT at 6 months (n = 8 per group). F: ITT (n = 8 per group). G and H: Energy metabolism investigation performed in metabolic cages during two consecutive days and nights (n = 6 per group); VO2 and AUC of RER (G) and heat production (H). I: Body temperature evaluated by infrared camera. Note the higher temperature of the limb of Ocy-PPARγ−/−, indicated by the white spots (n = 8 per group). J and K: Glucose infusion rate (GIR) and tissue-specific 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (2-[14C]DG) in iWAT and BAT during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in awake mice (n = 6 per group). L: Standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the radiolabeled tracer 18FDG; note the higher 18FDG uptake in bone of the limb of Ocy-PPARγ−/−, indicated by yellow spots (n = 4–5 per group; bar = 1 mm). Bars show means (±SEM). Closed bars or continuous lines, Ocy-PPARγ−/−; open bars or dashed lines, Ocy-PPARγ+/+. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 significant difference vs. Ocy-PPARγ+/+. Julia Brun et al. Diabetes 2017;66:2541-2554 ©2017 by American Diabetes Association