Chromosomal Instability at Common Fragile Sites in Seckel Syndrome

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Chromosomal Instability at Common Fragile Sites in Seckel Syndrome Anne M. Casper, Sandra G. Durkin, Martin F. Arlt, Thomas W. Glover  The American Journal of Human Genetics  Volume 75, Issue 4, Pages 654-660 (October 2004) DOI: 10.1086/422701 Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Pedigrees of family with SCKL and western blot showing reduced ATR protein levels in affected patients. A and B, Pedigrees of the two Pakistani families with SCKL (SCKL1) included in this study. Identification numbers of the lymphoblast cell lines derived from these family members are noted below their respective symbols. C, Western blot of lymphoblast cell lines from these family members and two unrelated control lymphoblast lines (LB-5 and LB-12) probed with α-ATR. The blot was stripped and reprobed with α-tubulin to indicate relative protein-loading levels. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2004 75, 654-660DOI: (10.1086/422701) Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Metaphase showing an example of FISH for identification of fragile sites. This representative metaphase is from lymphoblast cell line DK0061, after treatment with 0.4 μM aphidicolin. FRA3B is indicated by hybridization with YAC probe 850A6 (green); both homologs are broken. FRA16D is indicated by hybridization with BAC probe 264L1 (red); both homologs are broken. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2004 75, 654-660DOI: (10.1086/422701) Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Cells from patients with SCKL1 have increased fragile-site expression. A, Average total chromosome gaps and breaks. n=50 metaphases from each of two replicates for each condition. Fragile-site induction was achieved by addition of 0.4 μM aphidicolin 48 h before harvest. Error bars indicate the 95% CI. B and C, Frequency of FRA3B (B) and FRA16D (C) expression in cell lines from patients with SCKL1 and control individual; n⩾100 hybridizations from each of two replicates for each condition. Fragile-site induction was achieved by addition of 0.4 μM aphidicolin 48 h before harvest. Error bars indicate the SE. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2004 75, 654-660DOI: (10.1086/422701) Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 The difference in fragile site breaks between patient and control cells increases at higher levels of aphidicolin treatment. Cells were treated with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, or 0.9 μM aphidicolin 48 h before harvest. Of DK0066 metaphases analyzed at high aphidicolin concentrations, 16%–38% had a “shattered” appearance and were not included in these calculations; thus, the figures reported are underestimates (indicated by a double asterisk [**]). A, Average total chromosome gaps and breaks. n=25 metaphases from each of two replicates for each condition. Error bars indicate the 95% CI. B and C, Frequency of FRA3B (B) and FRA16D (C) expression in cell lines from a patient with SCKL and a control individual; n⩾50 hybridizations from each of two replicates for each condition. Error bars indicate the SE. D, Example of a “shattered” metaphase in the affected cell line DK0066 after treatment with 0.5 μM aphidicolin for 48 h before harvest. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2004 75, 654-660DOI: (10.1086/422701) Copyright © 2004 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions