Exploration and Discovery

opened the present era of global interaction. Don’t take notes, but think about the meaning of this statement. The “Age of Discovery” ended the regional isolation that had characterized most human communities and opened the present era of global interaction.

In relation to exploration and discovery what do you think… “Glory, God and Gold” means?

I. European Conquest and Colonization (1492-1750) In a few 100 years, most of the continents came under the control of a few European countries: 1. Iberia a) Spain b) Portugal 2. Northwest Europe a) England b) France c) Netherlands

How did this change the “New World”? 1. Cultural impact a) b) 2. Territorial impact 3. Economic impact

II. Why did these countries set out to explore? “God, Glory, Gold” etc. Renaissance spirit of “individualism” The search for spices and profits 1. Crusades 2. Supply and Demand 3. The “New Monarchs” wanted

Desire to cultivate cash crops. 1. sugar 2. plantations Desire to spread Christianity 1. Crusades 2. N. Africa 3. Duty Ability to use new technology 1. 2.

Glory: God: 1. Black Legend & Bartolome Diaz Gold: 1. Spain

III. Similarities and Differences b/t Iberia and N.W. Europe Desire to Portugal and Spain 1. Portugal a) b) establish c) Vasco de Gama

Spain a) Goal: b) Columbus c) Conquered: d) Aztec Civilization: e) Encomienda: 1. 2. declined in mid-16th c.

Northwest Europe (Eng, Fr, Neth) 1. Late on the scene (1500s-1600s) 2. Took what was left-over 3. England 4. France 5. Netherlands 6. Motivation: a) Migration 1) 2) 3)

IV. Economy of Exploitation Competitive Euro commercialism led to 1) Indians of Latin America 2) Africans

V. 3 major components in the colonial economy of Latin America Mining Agriculture Shipping ALL required labor, servitude or a relationship of dependence of the New Wolrd economy on that of Spain

VI. Social Hierarchy Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Natives and Africans

VII. Labor Servitude Spain instituted a series of social devices to draw locals into the new economic life. Economienda Repartimiento Debt peonage Slavery

VIII. Agriculture Hacienda 1) 2) Plantation

IX: Impact on Europe Positive Aspects 1) 2) 3) 4) Negative Aspects 1) inflation