China Rise of Communism

Beginnings of Communism Qing (Manchu’s) overthrown (1911) Nationalist Party comes to power Civil War between local warlords Bad for peasants

Chinese Role in WWI The Chinese declared war on Germany Hoped Allies would reward them INSTEAD - the Treaty of Versailles gave Japan the rights to Shandong Province May 4th Movement (1919) National protests against weak Chinese Response to ToV

The Rise of Communism 1921 – officially establish the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Nationalists vs. Communist

The Chinese Struggle Two forces 1. Nationalist movement to push the foreign merchants and capitalists out 2. A strong worker/peasant movement to liberate the people from oppression by their own leaders and business people

Civil War 1930 – Nationalists vs. Communists. The Long March Mao and followers chased– 9000 km and 90 % of people died – survivors form the core of Communist revolution Meanwhile… Japan invades China from North foreign attack forced the Nationalists and Communists to unite to save China

Mao Zedong-1947

Containment after WWII US policy of containment – stop spread of communism Communist (Mao) drove Nationalist (Chiang) to Taiwan in 1949 Declared founding of PRC (People’s Republic of China) “Two Chinas” PRC was NOT recognized by UN until 1972

Rule by Mao Zedong PRC evolves in 2 phases: 1. The Soviet Model (1949-1957) Land reform Civil reform 5 Year Plan 2. Great Leap Forward (1958- 1963)

The Great Leap Forward (1958-1963) Five year plan to modernize China In order to increase industrial output, agricultural output must increase to provide food for export This leads to famine due to irresponsible farming techniques Also, this was a period of drought and floods 20 million + die

Unloading Docks by Hand

Backyard Steel Production

The Four Pests Campaign

Mao vs. Lenin Mao Lenin Based on Marxism Political, economic & social equality Increased industrialization & agriculture Power lies with the peasants Based on Marxism Political, economic & social equality Increased industrialization & agriculture Power lies with the urban working class