PH3520 / Particle Physics Autumn term 2010 – week 6

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Presentation transcript:

PH3520 / Particle Physics Autumn term 2010 – week 6 Glen Cowan Stewart Boogert Glen Cowan RHUL Physics

Cosmic rays V. Hess measures ionizing radiation in balloon flights (1912). More ionizing particles found as balloon ascends to 5 km. Hess: Particles coming from space. ‘Shower’ of secondary particles mostly absorbed in atmosphere, some make it down to Earth’s surface. Glen Cowan RHUL Physics

C.D. Anderson and cloud chamber Glen Cowan RHUL Physics

C.D. Anderson observations of cosmic ray tracks Thin, curved to left, m ≈ me and q = -e (if from above). Thick, curved to right, m ≈ mp and q = +e (if from above). Thin, curved to right, m ≈ me, q = ? What direction??? Millikan − “Cosmic rays only come from above! Your mass measurement must be wrong.” Anderson − “The mass measurement is reliable: m « mp” Glen Cowan RHUL Physics

The first positron C.D. Anderson 2 August, 1932 Glen Cowan RHUL Physics

The first positron Glen Cowan RHUL Physics

More antimatter Electron-positron shower seen by Blackett and Occhialini, 1933. Antiproton discovered by Segrè, Chamberlin et al., 1955. Glen Cowan RHUL Physics

large energy little energy loss (electrons) loss (muons) Glen Cowan RHUL Physics

large energy little energy loss (electrons) loss (muons) Glen Cowan RHUL Physics

Measuring the muon’s mass Anderson and Neddermeyer, Phys. Rev. 54 (1938) 88. p from curvature, E from range, = (220 ± 35) me Current estimate: Glen Cowan RHUL Physics