Transport of Molecules Cell processes: Plasma Membrane Transport of Molecules Energy Conversion Protein Synthesis

Homeostasis Plasma Membrane functions: Balance internal conditions of cells Maintain “Equilibrium” Plasma Membrane controls what enters & leaves cell. Plasma Membrane functions: Protective Barrier “Selectively/Semi Permeable”: Decides what to let in/out

Structure of Plasma Membrane Lipids: structural component- phospholipid bilayer Proteins: structural support, communication, transport (channel or carrier) Carbohydrate: communication, cell recognition

Cell/plasma Membrane STRUCTURE

Passive vs active transport What’s the biggest difference between the two?

Facilitated Diffusion Passive Transport: Requires NO energy; molecules in constant kinetic movement Diffusion Movement of molecules from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration Ex: Oxygen moves into cell; Carbon Dioxide moves out of cell. Osmosis Diffusion of WATER across the cell membrane. Water diffuses from HIGH water potential (low solute) to LOW water potential (high solute). Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion of molecules through a membrane protein channel. Ex: Glucose molecules move into cell through transport protein. HIGH concentration to LOW concentration

Solutions that affect osmosis in cells Isotonic: equal concentration of substances Cell stays same Hyptotonic: less solutes than inside cell Cell swells Hypertonic: more solutes than inside cell Cell Shrinks

LOW concentration to HIGH concentration ATP Active Transport: requires Energy Molecules move against concentration gradient (LOW to HIGH concentration) ENDOCYTOSIS & EXOCYTOSIS Moving “big stuff” into & out of cell. Endocytosis: “INTO” materials brought in through a vesicle formed from cell membrane ex: food, large amounts of water. Exocytosis: “OUT” molecules moved out of cell by vesicles that fuse with cell membrane. Ex: wastes, hormones, Excess water Ion Pumps Sodium & Potassium pumped against their gradient using energy to drive movement of other molecules across membrane. Ex: nerve impulses

Photosynthesis Vs. Cellular respiration Energy Conversions During Photosynthesis energy from the sun is converted to sugars (glucose C6H12O6) in the chloroplast. Cellular Respiration in the mitochondria breaks down sugars to release energy in the form of ATP for cells to use. Photosynthesis Vs. Cellular respiration Photosynthesis Process Respiration Carbon Dioxide, Water, Energy (Solar) Reactants Oxygen, Glucose Products Carbon Dioxide, Water, Energy (ATP) Chloroplast Location Mitochondria

Equations

Energy is stored in Bonds ATP Cells CANNOT use glucose…it must first be converted to Adenosine Triphosphate:

Aerobic, fermentation, lactic acid, alcohol & Co2, 32 ATP Fermentation AKA Anaerobic Aerobic 32 ATP Produced!!! Lactic Acid OR Alcohol & CO2

How would you answer??

What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when broken? Can You recall?? What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when broken? A) phosphate B) sulfur C) oxygen D) potassium

What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when broken? Can You recall?? What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when broken? A) phosphate B) sulfur C) oxygen D) potassium

CAN you recall?? Name the three types of passive transport 1. 2. 3. Osmosis

Can You Recall?? Hypotonic Hypertonic Isotonic

Which of the following diagrams accurately represents the use of gases in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis? A) B) C) D)

Which of the following diagrams accurately represents the use of gases in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis? A) B) C) D)

A) Only species Y is aerobic. B) Only species Y is anaerobic. Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations? A) Only species Y is aerobic. B) Only species Y is anaerobic. C) Both species X and Y are aerobic. D) Both species X and Y are anaerobic.

B) Only species Y is anaerobic. Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations? A) Only species Y is aerobic. B) Only species Y is anaerobic. C) Both species X and Y are aerobic. D) Both species X and Y are anaerobic.