THE ENVIRONMENT THAT INFLUENCES NURSING CARE 2 S E C T I O N THE ENVIRONMENT THAT INFLUENCES NURSING CARE

POLICY: ASSESSMENT, DEVELOPMENT, ANALYSIS, AND EVALUATION 7 C H A P T E R POLICY: ASSESSMENT, DEVELOPMENT, ANALYSIS, AND EVALUATION

Policy Overview Entity vs. Process (Figure 7-1) Nurses both evaluate policy and participate in the process.

Policy Process Assessment Development Analysis Evaluation See Figure 7-3 and Table 7-1

Policy Process (cont.) Diagram of the Four Steps in the Policy Process

Types of Policy Public Private See Figure 7-4

Types of Policy (cont.) Policy may be categorized as public or private.

Policy Assessment Problem, issue, or need is defined Stakeholders identified Objectives and outcomes are described

Ethical and Legal Issues Directly addressed by policies Develop when policies are not followed

Advanced Practice Nursing Issues Scope of practice Educational preparation

Policy Development Data collected and analyzed Research reviewed Stakeholders consulted Plan of action selected

Nursing Contributions to Policy Expert knowledge An understanding of patient experiences Ability to work and communicate with people

Barriers to Nurse Involvement May be viewed as less intellectual Political involvement not valued by nurses May not identify themselves as nurses when working on issues

Evidence Based Policy Process Change based on valid and reliable data Sources of data: science, providers, consumers Case Scenario 7-1 gives the students the opportunity to incorporate evidence based research in developing a policy change.

Policy Analysis Description of the policy/policy area Assessment of the impact Investigation of the consequences Evaluation of the policy’s impact Recommendation of a course of action

Models for Policy Analysis Steps/Stages Model (Figure 7-7) Multiple Streams Framework (Figure 7-8) Advocacy-Coalition Framework (Figure 7-9) Policy Analysis Model (Figure 7-10) Writing Exercise 7-2 has the student analyze an issue using one of the models.

Models for Policy Analysis (cont.) The modified steps/stages model of policy analysis

Models for Policy Analysis (cont.) The first phase of the policy analysis model involves a comprehensive assessment of the problem and all related issues.

Policy Evaluation How well a policy met the goals and objectives Should consider ethics, research, and role of caring Writing Exercise 7-3 has the students evaluate an institutional policy.

Nurse Involvement in Policy Policy process is similar to nursing process Many opportunities to participate (Figure 7-11)

Nurse Involvement in Policy (cont.) Nurses can become involved in the policy process in different ways.