Bell Ringer Do you stand up for what you know to be right? What sort of person would be willing to risk imprisonment and death for their beliefs?

Revolution and Enlightenment The Scientific Revolution Chapter 10 -1 Revolution and Enlightenment

Background to the Revolution “Natural Philosophers” (scientists) began to take an interest in the world around them. The teachings of Aristotle were widely accepted as truth. Changes in the 1400’s and 1500’s caused European scientist to adopt new views and methods.

A New Way of Thinking As Renaissance humanists mastered Greek they found that many ancient thinkers had disagreed with Aristotle. That fact along with new instruments stimulated new ways of thinking Examples: Telescope and Microscope.

Impact of Mathematics The study of mathematics played a vital role in the scientific achievements of the 16th and 17th centuries. The scientist of the day believed that the secrets of nature were written in the language of mathematics.

A Revolution in Astronomy Ptolemy (2nd century AD) was the greatest ancient astronomer. His teachings had led middle age astronomers to develop a geocentric model of the universe. Which means Earth was at the center with all bodies revolving around it.

Ptolemy's Universe

A Whole New Universe In 1543 Nicholas Copernicus of Poland, a mathematician came up with the idea that the universe was heliocentric: -The sun in the center. Copernicus argued that all the planets revolved around the sun. Kept ideas to himself b/c of Catholic Church (heresy)

Nicholas Copernicus

Johannes Kelper Johannes Kepler, a German, used detailed astronomical data to confirm the sun was the center of the universe. Kepler showed orbits of the planets around the sun were elliptical rather than round like Copernicus had believed.

Galileo Italian mathematician who first used a telescope to make observations of the heavens. Theorized that other planets and moons were made up of matter like the Earth.

Galileo Recants Theory The Copernican model of the universe threatened the ideas of the Catholic Church. Galileo found himself in trouble with the church in 1610. Recants Theory!!!

Isaac Newton Defined the three laws of motion Explained that planets do not get out of orbit because all heavenly bodies are attracted to each other.

Universal Law of Gravitation Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force. Newton’s theory dominated the 20th Century until Albert Einstein's theory or relativity.

Assignment Read Galileo on Trial on page 292. Write one of the following two letters: 1. Write a letter back to the Inquisition in which you stand up for your beliefs. Make sure to list at list three specific reasons why you believe that you can not deny your beliefs. 2. Write a letter you to your family in which you list at least three reason why you denied your beliefs.