Temporal analysis of regional anaesthesia-induced sensorimotor dysfunction: a model for understanding phantom limb S Silva, B Bataille, M Jucla, V Minville,

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Temporal analysis of regional anaesthesia-induced sensorimotor dysfunction: a model for understanding phantom limb S Silva, B Bataille, M Jucla, V Minville, K Samii, O Fourcade, J.-F. Démonet, I Loubinoux British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 105, Issue 2, Pages 208-213 (August 2010) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq144 Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Temporal relationship between the occurrence of the perceptual illusion of size (S illusion) and the postural illusions (P illusions). The size or shape misperceptions occurred concomitantly (‘swelling sensation’). The onset of S illusions preceded that of P illusions in all patients. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010 105, 208-213DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeq144) Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Principal component analysis (Varimax rotation) of sensory alterations and phantom limb sensations (S and P illusions). Representation, on the plane generated by principal components 1 and 2, of the degree of correlation between the time of occurrence of perceptual distortions of size (S illusion) or posture (P illusion) and the onset of sensory dysfunctions (score 1) assessed by pinprick, heat-cold, pallesthesia, and kinesthesia. Eighty-two per cent of the variability (42% and 40% for axes 1 and 2, respectively) are accounted for on that plane. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010 105, 208-213DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeq144) Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Temporal relationship between sensorimotor dysfunction (alteration of motor function and proprioception) and the onset of phantom limb sensations (S, P, and K illusions). The onset time of perceptual illusions and the start of the alteration (score 1) of proprioception (assessed by pallesthesia and kinesthesia) and motor function are represented. S illusion, misperception of size or shape (i.e. ‘swelling illusion’); P illusion, postural illusions; K illusion, kinesthetic illusion. Medians (quartile and range). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010 105, 208-213DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeq144) Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Correlation between the onset of kinesthetic illusions (K illusions) and the abolition (score 0) of proprioception or motor function. Proprioception was assessed by pallesthesia (a) and kinesthesia (b). The abolition of motor function corresponds to an absence of voluntary movement (c). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010 105, 208-213DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeq144) Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions