Study of azoospermia factor-a deletion caused by homologous recombination between the human endogenous retroviral elements and population-specific alleles in Japanese infertile males  Jin Choi, Ph.D., Eitetsu Koh, M.D., Ph.D., Fotoshi Matsui, M.D., Kazuhiro Sugimoto, M.D., Hiromi Suzuki, B.S., Yuji Maeda, M.D., Ph.D., Atsumi Yoshida, M.D., Ph.D., Mikio Namiki, M.D., Ph.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 89, Issue 5, Pages 1177-1182 (May 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.019 Copyright © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Sequence-tagged site mapping of deletion breakpoints within HERV15yq1 and HERV15yq2. (a) Schematic diagram of HERV15yq1 and HERV15yq2; HERV15yq2 contains the LINE 1 sequence, and the position of the STS markers is shown. (b) Sequence-tagged site mapping is shown for ID2 recombination. (c) Sequence-tagged site mapping is shown for ID1 recombination. + = presence of STS products; − = their absence. Fertility and Sterility 2008 89, 1177-1182DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.019) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Bridging PCR for the identification of ID2 recombination in patients with AZFa deletions. The primers used for bridging PCR are in the AZFa breakpoints in ID2 (sY83-forward and sY1066-reverse). M = size markers. Fertility and Sterility 2008 89, 1177-1182DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.019) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions