West Virginia Solar Congress Electric Vehicles Driving on Sunshine Why should West Virginia care about electric cars? West Virginia Solar Congress 1 1 1

Electric Autos are not a New Concept First, some background on electric cars. Here we see a 1909 Baker Electric driven by its owner. Who is driving? 1909 Baker Electric That’s over ONE HUNDRED Years Ago 2 2 2

Even in the Modern Era… They’ve been around for OVER TWENTY YEARS GM EV-1 Toyota RAV4 EV A limited attempt was made in the late 20th century to re-start the electric car maket. Production and sales was extremely limited, With some exceptions, only folks in the movie industry could get their hands on one. Tom Hanks drove one. But GM only leased the cars, and after the leases expired, the program was canceled and the EV-1 met a sad fate. 1996-1999 They’ve been around for OVER TWENTY YEARS 1997-2003 3 3 3

2018-2019 Top Selling Plug-In Vehicle Tesla Model 3 4 4 4

Best Selling Plug-In Vehicles ‘11-17 Nissan Leaf Chevy Volt 5 5 5

2017-2019 Plug-In Hybrids Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid Mitsubishi Outlander Hybrid 6 6 6

EVs on Solar In West Virginia Plugged-in, near Capon Bridge, Hampshire County, West Virginia 7 7 7

Huntington to Baltimore And Return - 2018

So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback? Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries 9 9 9

So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback? Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home. 10 10 10

So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback? Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis 11 11 11

So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback? Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance 12 12 12

So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback? Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance No tailpipe emissions on electric 13 13 13

So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback? Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance No tailpipe emissions on electric Lower total emissions – CO2, ozone, metals 14 14 14

So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback? Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters who charge at home Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance No tailpipe emissions on electric Lower total emissions – CO2, ozone, metals REALLY, REALLY FUN TO DRIVE 15 15 15

So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback? IN SUMMARY Electric Cars are coming back because of PERFORMANCE SUSTAINABILITY 16 16 16

Why should We care about electric cars? Positive for US & W.Va. Economics Reduce Imported Oil 17 17 17

Why should We care about electric cars? Positive for US & W.Va. Economics Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr Limited effect on the Electrical Grid 18 18 18

Most EVs are Charged at Home At NIGHT! And miss this peak Electric car charging can be programmed to fill this dip This graph is an example of power usage in the US. It certainly doesn't show a high air conditioning day in the Midwest But it does show the how the power demand varies over the day, and how EV's could impact the demand. A study by the Electric Power Research Institute showed that with incentives to charge off-peak, a car fleet with 30% electric vehicles (52 million vehicles) should only increase peak power usage by 1% . All the rest of the charging, with proper incentives, could occur off-peak. Product ID:1016853 Date Published:22-Dec-2008 A study of the Pecan Street electric village near Austin Texas produced real data from 30 homes owning 31 electric cars showed with Time-of-Day pricing only 12% of charging occurred at peak rates. 19 19

Why should We care about electric cars? Positive for US & W.Va. Economics Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night Powered by West Virginia energy sources: Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE. 20 20 20

Why should We care about electric cars? Positive for US & W.Va. Economics Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night Powered by West Virginia energy sources: Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE. 21 21 21

Why should We care about electric cars? Positive for US & W.Va. Economics Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night Powered by West Virginia energy sources: Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE. EVs can use power from the grid, or 22 22 22

Why should We care about electric cars? Positive for US & W.Va. Economics Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night Powered by West Virginia energy sources: Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE. EVs can use power from the electrical grid, or EVs can use power from rooftop solar 23 23 23

Why should We care about electric cars? Positive for US & W.Va. Economics Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night Powered by West Virginia energy sources: Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE. EVs can use power from the electrical grid, or EVs can use power from rooftop solar Typical EV needs 11 kW-hr/day (on average) 3,300 watt solar array will allow 100% driving on sunshine (on average) 24 24 24

Why should We care about electric cars? Positive for US & W.Va. Economics Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr Limited effect on the Electrical Grid – Charged at night Powered by West Virginia energy sources: Coal, Natural Gas, or SUNSHINE. EVs can use power from the electrical grid, or EVs can use power from rooftop solar Typical EV needs 11 kW-hr/day (on average) 3,300 watt solar array will allow 100% driving on sunshine (on average) Even driving on power made from coal, an EV is cleaner than a gas or diesel vehicle. 25 25 25

Why should We care about electric cars? CO2 Emission – Daily Average – 34 miles / day Combustion Vehicle using KY Gasoline – 28 lb CO2/day EV on power from WV Coal – 21 lb CO2/day EV on power from WV Natural Gas – 11 lb CO2/day EV on West Virginia Solar – 0 lb CO2/day 26 26 26

So, What’s It Cost to Operate? Running Costs per 1,000 miles Chevy Volt: Power: $15 - $30 Gasoline: $10 - $30 Tesla or Nissan Leaf: Power: $40 - $50

So, What’s It Cost to Operate? Running Costs per 1,000 miles Chevy Volt: Power: $15 - $30 Gasoline: $10 - $30 Tesla, Leaf or Bolt EV: Power: $40 - $50 $15.71 Marty's March Gasoline Bill

So, What’s It Cost to Drive on Sunshine?

Where is the US Electric Car market? There are 1.2 million plug-in cars NOW in USA 42 models across 15 brands – Today More than 100 new models in pipeline From GM, Ford, Nissan, BMW, Audi, VW, Volvo, Jaguar, Porsche, Tesla and others

Where is the US Electric Car market? There are 785,000 plug-in cars NOW in USA 43 models across 15 brands – Today More than 100 new models in pipeline From GM, Ford, Nissan, BMW, Audi, VW, Volvo, Jaguar, Porsche, Tesla and others How Many EV’s charge on solar today?

Where is the US Electric Car market? There are 785,000 plug-in cars NOW in USA 43 models across 15 brands – Today More than 100 new models in pipeline From GM, Ford, Nissan, BMW, Audi, VW, Volvo, Jaguar, Porsche, Tesla and others How Many EV’s charge on solar today? Probably about 25%

Why should We care about Electric Cars? Tourism is a Driver in West Virginia Public Charging Stations are bringing Drivers to W.Va.’s Tourism Destinations

Why should We care about Electric Cars? Tourism is a Driver in West Virginia Overnight guests at Pipestem Resort State Park photo by Dr. Darren Harris

Why should We care about Electric Cars? Tourism is a Driver in West Virginia Charging at Canaan Resort State Park 35 35

IN SUMMARY EVs are Here & More are On the Way Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries Electric is very Convenient – especially for Job Commuting Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis Much Reduced Vehicle Maintenance REALLY, REALLY FUN to DRIVE! West Virginia stands to benefit: Sustainable Travel Reduced Oil Imports Grid Friendly Electrical Consumption Market Boosts Available for Tourism and Retail Sales 36 36

West Virginia Solar Congress Electric Vehicles Driving on Sunshine West Virginia Solar Congress 37 37