Figure 4 NOS–NO pathway and therapeutic targets

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Figure 4 NOS–NO pathway and therapeutic targets Figure 4 | NOS–NO pathway and therapeutic targets. Various therapeutic strategies aim at re-establishing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability either by increasing upstream signalling through the use of β3-adrenergic receptor agonists, increasing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity through the use of an arginase inhibitor, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), or folate, or by increasing NO production through nitrite reduction. Alternative strategies target downstream elements of the NOS–NO signalling pathway by increasing soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activity or increasing cGMP levels via phosphodiesterase (for example, phosphodiesterase type 5; PDE5) inhibition. DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase; PKG, protein kinase G; SNO, S-nitrosothiol; XOR, xanthine oxidoreductase. Farah, C. et al. (2018) Nitric oxide signalling in cardiovascular health and disease Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.224