Ratio of actual to expected rise in sodium as calculated using the Adrogué-Madias formula. Ratio of actual to expected rise in sodium as calculated using the Adrogué-Madias formula. A value of 1 indicates that the entire increase in serum sodium concentration can be accounted for by the administered hypertonic saline. In 74.2% of the patients with preinfusion sodium <120 mEq/L, the ratio was >1, indicating that the actual increase exceeded the predicted increase. The formula also underestimated the increase in sodium concentration for the study population as a whole. Hashim K. Mohmand et al. CJASN 2007;2:1110-1117 ©2007 by American Society of Nephrology