Recent Advances in Renewable Solar-Pumped Lasers Joana Almeida, Dawei Liang, Bruno D. Tibúrcio, Dário Garcia, Rodrigo Matos, Cláudia R. Vistas CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516, Campus de Caparica, Portugal Solar-Pumped Lasers Laboratory: http://www.cefitec.fct.unl.pt/en/lasers Junior Researcher : CEECIND/03081/2017

Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Outline Motivation State-of-the-Art Recent Advances in Solar Lasers Solar Laser Efficiency Solar Laser Beam Brightness Solar Laser Beam Stability New concepts for Solar Lasers Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Motivation Why Solar Lasers? Direct Conversion of Free Solar Radiation into Free Laser Radiation Simplicity and Reliability  elimination of electrical power generation and conditioning equipments Prospect of a drastic reduction in the cost of coherent optical radiation Environmental and economical impact Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Motivation On Earth… In Space… Solar energy is the main continuous energy source Space communication Orbital Space Debris Asteroid deflection Signal Magazine– AFCEA International 2018 Space News2018 Phys.org 2016 On Earth… Renewable energy cycles Solar-Pumped Laser Magnesium – Hydrogen cycle 4000 K Adapted from: Photonics.com 2007 Adapted from: Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 2014 Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers 56 Years of Solar-Pumped Lasers… 1963 Kiss et al Princeton, USA First solid-state solar laser 1966 Young Massachusetts, USA First 1W Nd:YAG laser solar laser Schneider et al University of Florida, USA 1983 First liquid solar laser concept Insuik and Christiansen University of Chicago, USA 1984 First blackbody CO2 solar laser concept Arashi et al Tohoku University, Japan 18 W Nd:YAG solar laser power 1988 Weksler and Shwartz Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel 60 W cw Nd:YAG solar laser power 1996 Jenkins et al University of Chicago, USA 4.7 W/m2 Nd:YAG solar laser collection efficiency 6.7 W/m2 Nd:YAG solar laser collection efficiency 2003 Lando et al Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel 2007 Yabe et al Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan 18.7 W/m2 Cr:Nd:YAG solar laser collection efficiency with Fresnel lens Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Last Decade of Solar-Pumped Lasers Liang and Almeida Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal 19.3 W/m2 Nd:YAG solar laser collection efficiency with Fresnel lens 2011 Dihn et al Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan 30 W/m2 Nd:YAG solar laser collection efficiency with Fresnel lens 2012 Mizuno et al Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc.; Toyota Technological Institute, Japan First solar-pumped fiber laser First side-pumped Cr:Nd:YAG solar laser Liang et al Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal 13.9 W/m2 Nd:YAG solar laser collection efficiency with parabolic mirror system 2013 Almeida et al Liang and Almeida First TEM00-mode solar laser High-efficiency solar-pumped laser with a grooved Nd:YAG rod 2014 Xu et al Beijing Institute of Technology, China Liang et al Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal 4.0 W solar laser beam brightness 2015 Almeida et al 5.5 W TEM00-mode laser power Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Last Decade of Solar-Pumped Lasers Reusswig et al Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA 2015 A path to Solar Pumped Lasers via Radiative Energy Transfer Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel 2015 Quarterman and Wilcox University of Dundee, United Kingdom Design of solar-pumped semiconductor laser 4.0 W/m2 TEM00-mode collection efficiency Liang et al Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal 25 W/m2 solar laser collection efficiency with parabolic mirror system 2016 Payziyev and Makhmudov Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan Nd:YAG solar laser efficiency enhancement using Cr:LiCAF frequency down-shifter Jinhua et al Beijing Institute of Technology, China 31.5 W solar-pumped Nd:YAG solid-state laser Liang et al Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal 31.5 W/m2 multimode and 7.9 W/m2 TEM00-mode solar laser collection efficiencies 2017 Mehellou et al Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal Faculty of Physics, Algeria; Development Centre of Advanced Technologies,Algeria Stable TEM00-mode solar laser operation Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Last Decade of Solar-Pumped Lasers Masuda et al Toyota Motor Corporation;Tokai University, Japan Low-concentrated solar laser with a fiber laser Saiki et al Kansai University; Institute for Laser Technology; Osaka University, Japan Multi-amplifier laser system with white-light pumping 2017 Flood and Kherani University of Toronto, Canada Luminescent material properties on stimulated emission luminescent solar concentrators Solar-pumped CrNdYAG ceramic laser with 6.7% slope efficiency Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal Liang et al Almeida et al First doughnut-shaped solar laser emission 2018 Quarterman and Wilcox University of Dundee, United Kingdom 27.5  W/m2 collection efficiency solar laser using a diffuse scattering cooling liquid Doughnut-shaped solar laser beam with 4.5 W/m2 collection efficiency 2019 Vistas et al Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal To be continued... Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Solar Laser Efficiency at NOVA University 2017 31.5 W/m2 collection efficiency Approved access to PROMES-CNRS solar facilities Sol Energ Mater & Sol Cells 2017 Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Solar Laser Efficiency at NOVA University 2018 Record 32.5 W/m2 collection efficiency Record 6.7% slope efficiency Record 3.7% solar-to-laser conversion efficiency Laser Power = 32.5 W Mx2 ≈ My2 = 95 Sol Energ Mater & Sol Cells 2018 0 3.6 E-3 W beam brightness Laser Beam Brightness Laser Output Power M2xM2y beam quality factors = Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Solar Laser Beam Brightness at NOVA University 2013 First TEM00 -mode solar laser Opt Express 2013 Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Solar Laser Beam Brightness at NOVA University 2017 Record 7.9 W/m2 TEM00 mode collection efficiency Highlighted in Record 6.46 W beam brightness Sol Energ Mater & Sol Cells 2017 Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Solar Laser Beam Stability at NOVA University 2017 Twisted Light Guides Sol Energy 2017 Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Novel Concepts for Solar Lasers First doughnut-shaped solar laser emission 4.6 W doughnut-shaped solar laser emission 2018 Opt Laser Tech 2018 Sol Energy 2019 Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Novel Concepts for Solar Lasers Ring-array Solar Concentrator J Photon Energ 2018 ~ 38.5 W/m2 solar laser collection efficiency ~ only 1.8 % of power loss with tracking error Opt Commun 2018 Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

Novel Concepts for Solar Lasers Four-rod pumping scheme Recent advances in renewable solar-pumped lasers Encontro Ciência 2019

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