ENZYMES http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif

*Enzyme* A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body Also known as a biological catalyst.

Water + Gelatin Powder + Heat  JELLO *Catalyst* modification or speeding up of a chemical reaction A chemical reaction occurs when some starting material(s) are changed into some desired ending material(s) Ex. You want to make JELLO-- Starting materials (REACTANTS) Ending materials (PRODUCTS) Water + Gelatin Powder + Heat  JELLO

Chemical reactions need help to get started Chemical reactions need help to get started. An enzyme can be that helper! (I.e. the catalyst) http://www.chuckwagondiner.com/art/matches.jpg http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif

Let’s see what a chemical reaction looks like on a graph: Label your graph! ACTIVATION ENERGY REACTANTS PRODUCTS Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved

*Activation Energy* the energy required to begin a chemical reaction

Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved Enzymes help chemical reactions happen faster by DECREASING the ACTIVATION ENERGY

Active site: the site on the enzyme where the substrate attaches How does the enzyme physically do this? Key words: Substrate: the material that an enzyme attaches to (usually your REACTANT) Active site: the site on the enzyme where the substrate attaches

PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES SUBSTRATE (Reactants) ENZYME Active site: where substrate and enzyme bond ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX ENZYME Unchanged & Reusable PRODUCTS Image modified from: http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif Arrow: http://www.gifanimations.com/action/ImageDisplay/1/2/11/next

*Lock & Key Model* FIT REUSABLE ENZYMES _____ like a _______________ to only _________of _________. Enzymes are ___________ by the reaction and ___________ *Lock & Key Model* FIT LOCK AND KEY SUBSTRATE ONE KIND UNCHANGED REUSABLE http://www.grand-illusions.com/images/articles/toyshop/trick_lock/mainimage.jpg

2 FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY __________ & ______________ Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins to ________ or _________ pH temperature Break down DENATURE http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg

changes shape ACTIVE SITE CAN’T BIND Denaturing _______ the _______ of the ______________ so enzyme ______________ to ____________ changes shape ACTIVE SITE CAN’T BIND SUBSTRATE heat Image modified from: http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html

-ASE Many enzyme names end in _____ and the beginning of the name tells what it does DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes” joins monomers to make DNA

Warm Up 1.) Copy and label this diagram with the following words: Enzyme Active site Substrate 2.) What happens when an enzyme get damaged by heat or pH changes?

Warm Up 1.) Explain why the denaturing of an enzyme prohibits the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex. 2.) What are the 2 examples of nucleic acids? 3.) Name 2 foods that have lipids in them. 4.) What are the building blocks of a polymer? 5.) What 3 letters do a lot of sugars end in? 6.) What 3 letters do a lot of enzymes end in?

Warm Up What are the starting materials in a chemical reaction called? What type of organic molecule is an enzyme? What do we call the area on an enzyme where the substrate binds? What is the monomer for a lipid? What does an enzyme do to the activation energy of a chemical reaction? Does this make the reaction happen faster or slower?