NIQ #6: Classification Chapter 18

Why do scientists classify? 1. Scientists classify so that organisms are easier to study If you know an organism is a mammal, you can infer details about the animal without ever seeing it Easier to find out information about an organism

Classification 2. Scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name in a discipline known as taxonomy.

3.Universally Accepted name Lion, cougar, puma or panther? Depending on where you are there are different common names for the same organism. By having a universally accepted name you do not have to guess what animal someone is talking about.

4. Kaz: What’s it look it? All fish have: Fins Scales Need water to live Gills 2 eyes 1 mouth

Assigning Scientific Names 5. Scientists came up with a scientific name for each organism so that there would not be the confusion of trying to figure out what animal the common names belonged to.

Assigning Scientific Names 6. Why were Latin and Greek used in the naming system? Scientists in the eighteenth- century understood Latin and Greek so that is what they used. It is still used today.

Assigning Scientific Names 7. Carolus Linnaeus was the Swedish botanist who developed the two part naming system called binomial nomenclature.

Assigning Scientific Names 8. Binomial Nomenclature: Classification system in which each organism is assigned a two-part scientific name. Genus Species

Assigning Scientific Names 9. In binomial nomenclature: The first word is Capitalized Both words are in italics Example: Marmota monax

Assigning Scientific Names 10. The first is the genus, referring to the grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms Example: Felis Like your last name (general name given to your entire family) Genus = General!

Assigning Scientific Names 11. The second word is the species, referring to a group of similar organisms that can mate Example: monax Like your first name (specific name to you to separate you from the rest of your family) Species= Specific!

Assigning Scientific Names 12. Do Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus belong to the same genus or species? THE SAME GENUS! They have the same first word!

Linnaeus’s System of Classification 13. Linnaeus’s system of classification uses EIGHT taxonomic categories. From smallest to largest they are… - Species - Genus - Family - Order - Class - Phylum - Kingdom - Domain: Highest level of organization

Linnaeus’s System of Classification 14. The more levels of classification that two organisms share, the more they have in common. 15. Using the classification diagram on page 450, which organisms have more in common, Grizzly bears and Coral snakes or Foxes and Pandas? How do you know?

Linnaeus’s System of Classification The Foxes and Pandas have MORE in common because they are in the same classification levels all the way down to ORDER. The Grizzly bear and Coral snake are only in the same PHYLUM.