Myanmar: Energy Access Diagnostic Results based on Multi-Tier Framework Good morning. We are very pleased to have this opportunity to present the results of Multi-tier energy access Tracking Framework. Please, note that the energy access for today’s discussion covers both on-grid and off-grid solutions based on agreed parameters to track the achievement toward sustainable development goal 7.1. Today, we will also talk about access to electricity as well as to modern cooking energy. Mr. Thuya Aung Bo Deputy Chief Engineer Ministry of Electricity and Energy Myanmar Date - 30th May,2019 Place - Beijing

Progress toward the universal access to electricity between 1990 and 2016 in East Asia Population without access to electricity in 1990 Population without access to electricity in 2016 Myanmar, 26,142,167 Cambodia 7,917,335 Philippines, 9,317,817 Indonesia, 69,488,225 Thailand Pa… N … G … Myanmar has reduced electricity access gap significantly in the past 25 years. Among East Asian countries, Myanmar has the largest number of population without access to electricity. Papua New Guinea, 6,230,928 Philippines, 23,469,094 Vietnam, 17,656,2… Myanmar, 22,735,683 Indonesia 6,214,548 China, 88,362,675 Cambodia In 1990, China is the largest access deficit country in East Asia followed by Indonesia. In Myanmar, 26 million people did not have access to electricity. In East Asia and Pacific several countries, including China and Thailand, attained universal access by 2016. As of 2016, Myanmar is one of the largest access deficit countries in this region. ** Source: World Development Indicators (http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators)

Electrification Ratio & Per Capita Electricity Consumption in Myanmar Mil Mil (44.81%) (55.19%) Total nos. of Household= 10.877 Millions Population of Myanmar by 2014 Censuses is 51.46 Millions.

contacts SECTION TITLE Jane Smith Title Location Phone Number Email@site.com Why do we care so much about energy access? While universal energy access is a specific goal, energy access is never the final objective, but rather a means to many important outcomes. to light homes, to cook meals without damaging one’s health, to provide better education and health services etc. to increase productivity of small and large businesses, Therefore, what matters is not only whether a household, business, school etc. has energy access but also how this access translates into services and how “useful” and “usable” these services are.

Multi-tier Tracking Framework approach improves on the traditional binary measure of access and incorporates a spectrum of service levels from user’s perspective in its measurement. – For example, some may have an electricity connection at home – but is there electricity in it when they need it, at quality that they need and at price they can afford? It also captures multiple energy sources that households use across a range of diverse technologies, grid-based system and off-grid systems. Presentation Title

SDG 7 – the energy goal- is central to achieving other Sustainable Development Goals. Presentation Title

Then, how can we measure the progress toward SDG 7 Then, how can we measure the progress toward SDG 7.1, “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all”? Various MTF attributes can help measuring how much progress Myanmar government has made toward SDG 7.1. Access should be seen as a continuum or a spectrum of service levels. From kerosene and candles (tier 0) to basic electricity service that allows people to light their houses and charge their phones And progressively up to Tier 5 – which is basically an unlimited 24 hours service, 7 days a week, at adequate quality and with an affordable tariff.

Myanmar MTF: Key findings MTF: Access to electricity Myanmar MTF: Key findings 7.5 million (70%) of households in Myanmar receive Tier 1+ services that qualify as energy access by SDG 7.1:  At least 4 hours of electricity per day (including 1-2 hours per evening) and capacity is sufficient to power multiple light bulbs along with low-load appliances such as a television or a fan. Off-grid energy solutions substantially supplement national grid in Myanmar: About half of households rely on off-grid energy solutions (48%). 3.2 million (30%) of households are in the lowest Tier for access (Tier 0) Nearly half of these households have no source of electricity, but remaining do not qualify for Tier1. National grid electricity is more prevalent in urban areas (85%) while off-grid electricity solutions provide electricity more than 60% of rural households. MTF results show that 7.5 million (70%) of households in Myanmar receive services that qualify as energy access by SDG 7.1. Off-grid energy solutions, especially off-grid solar solutions, substantially supplement the public grid. More than 30% of households in Myanmar have access to electricity through off-grid solar solutions. However, MTF found that 3.2 million households are still in the lowest tier. Nearly half of them do not have any source of electricity. Off-grid is more prevalent among rural households than urban.

Suggested Focus Areas for Access Improvement MTF: Access to electricity Suggested Focus Areas for Access Improvement Providing electricity to those without any source of electricity: More than 1.4 million (13%) households in Myanmar have no electricity access. Improving Availability and Capacity of Tier 0 households using off-grid energy solutions To provide at least Tier 1 level of electricity service to all that quality as energy access under SDG 7.1, it is critical to provide electricity to those without any source of electricity. Improvement in availability and capacity attributes would shift Tier 0 households to higher tiers. It will help Myanmar government to achieve universal access under SDG 7.1 while ultimate goal is to bring every household to Tier 5, highest level of services. These will help reaching universal access based on SDG 7.1. Ultimate goal is to bring everybody to Tier 5 level of service.

Myanmar MTF: Key findings MTF: Access to modern cooking solutions Myanmar MTF: Key findings More than 2.7 million households (26%) in Myanmar currently use clean fuel stoves exclusively or in a combination with other biomass stoves More than 6.3 million households use firewood as main cooking fuel. Particularly, more than three quarters of rural households use firewood as their main cooking fuel. 5.1 million (48%) of households are in the lowest Tier for access to modern cooking solutions (Tier 0): More than 2.7 million households use clean fuel stoves exclusively or in a combination of other biomass stoves. Firewood is main cooking fuel for 6.3 million households in Myanmar. Thus, almost half of Myanmar households are in Tier 0 for access to modern cooking solutions.

Suggested Focus Areas for Access Improvement MTF: Access to modern cooking solutions Suggested Focus Areas for Access Improvement 1.Increase penetration of ‘efficient’ electric stoves: Cooking through electricity is low cost option for households, but inefficient from country perspective. Piped gas presents more efficient use of gas resources for larger cities, and supplemented by LPG through better distribution and pricing. 2.Expand the use of modernized biomass stoves: In parallel, it is important to enhance public awareness on ventilation structure Then, how should we improve the access to modern cooking solutions in Myanmar? Due to low electricity price in Myanmar, it would economically make sense for households to cook with electric stove, but not ideal from country perspective. Piped gas or LPG can be more efficient solutions for the government using better distribution and pricing. Expansion of modernized biomass stove along with better public awareness on ventilation would shift tier 0 households to higher tiers.

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