Low-carbon Energy Solutions in Food & Beverage Industry: Challenges in Decision-Making A Carlsberg Group (Beer Company) Perspective Adam Pawelas Sustainability Director, Carlsberg Supply Chain AG (Denmark-Switzerland)

Carlsberg is a beer company with diverse production base in Europe… Global brewer with production sites in Western and Eastern Europe as well as Asia From micro-sites to large beer and beverage filling plants (EU: 22 sites) Active in energy and water efficiency since many years Among other global brewers with high ambitions on decarbonisation and reducing water footprint (targets 2030)

Value chain carbon footprint shows relatively low contribution from breweries Decarbonisation of each element of value chain will require different effort and timing

1 2 3 4 Key Levers to Reduce Carbon Emissions from a Brewery Efficiency-Process-Electricity-Fuel Improve energy efficiency as first priority by applying best practice in operation and maintenance Change process, emerging solutions: short brewing, digital-adjusted cleaning, alternatives to pasteurization Sourcing of renewable power instead of fossil-based: on-site and market-based Sourcing of renewable thermal energy: renewable bio-fuels, heat recovery, power-to-X, guarantees of origin 1 2 3 4

Brewery low-carbon solutions are many and yet to be explored The future energy source and usage will most likely be diverse CO2 Emission in a Brewery [kg/hl] Guarantees of Origin (Biomethane) Biomethane: on-site, grid Guarantees of Origin Solid biofuels Green tariffs Solutions not fully proven, business case difficult without carbon incentives? Power-to-X (Heat, Hydrogen, Biomethane) Power Purchase Agreements On-site Renewable Solutions already competitive or with small premium! Renewable cogeneration

Key Decision Criteria for Future Low-carbon Fuels This is why the future(s) will be diverse Business case: carbon tax or other incentives? Energy asset conversion or market-based new fuel solutions? Fuel source diversification supported by utility policies Biomass quality, sustainability and robust supply chains Emerging technologies in electrification of heat (Power-to-X, heat pumps) + aided demonstration projects Timing!