Tony Naaman Systems Architecture iDirect, USA Evolutions in Satellite Telecommunication Ground Segments 5 - 6 June 2008 - ESA/ESTEC - Noordwijk, The Netherlands Mesh Technology Tony Naaman Systems Architecture iDirect, USA

Agenda Introduction Mesh Internet Routing In Space (IRIS) Star & Mesh Networks Mesh Scalability, Transmit & Receive Hopping Mesh Markets & Applications Technical Challenges Market Trends Enabling Technologies Internet Routing In Space (IRIS) Overview Routing, Scalability & QoS

Introduction

Star Network Shared SCPC Outbound Star TDMA Inbound Hub RF

Remote-to-Remote Communication in Star Network Shared SCPC Outbound Star TDMA Inbound Hub RF

Remote-to-Remote Disadvantages in Star Network Latency Critical for Real-Time Applications Double Hop over the Satellite Inefficient use of Satellite Bandwidth Remote-to-Remote Traffic requires Twice the Bandwidth of Star Traffic

Remote-to-Remote Communication with Mesh Carrier Shared SCPC Outbound Star TDMA Inbound Mesh TDMA Carrier Hub RF

Mesh Network – Scaling & Transmit Hopping Mesh TDMA Carriers Hub or Master Station RF

Mesh Network – Scaling & Receive Hopping Mesh TDMA Carriers Large Stations Small Stations

Mesh Market, Technology & Trends

Mesh Markets & Applications Mesh Market Segments Enterprise Networks Cellular Networks Oil & Gas Enterprise Connectivity Distance Learning Government & Military Embassy Networks Disaster Management Homeland Security Defense Mesh Applications VoIP Video Conferencing Cellular Backhaul (Move to Local Routing) Other Data Applications

Mesh Technical Challenges Link Budget Small Antenna & Limited Transmit Power Small Carriers => Need Multiple Carriers for Scaling Different Terminal Sizes & Rain Fade Multi Symbol Rates, Modulation and Coding Timing & Frequency Tracking Clock Inaccuracy & Doppler Shift Reference Source from Hub or Master Controller Closed Loop for Adjustments Uplink Power Control For all Carriers and Remote Terminals Transmit & Receive Hopping Frequency Range - Across Transponders Single vs. Dual Transmitters Multi-Demodulators vs. Receive Time Plan

Mesh Market Trends Higher Data Rates Larger Networks – Scalability More Flexibility – Hybrid Networks Improved Bandwidth Efficiency Lower Cost of Ownership

Enabling Technologies – Higher Data Rates Faster Processor on Remote Terminal Larger FPGA & Memory Remote Terminal Hardware Cost going Down Antenna, BUC, Processor, FPGA, Memory Faster Transmit & Receive Hopping Multi-Demodulators for Simultaneous Receive of Multiple Carriers Hub or Master Controller Tighter Timing & Frequency Control Better Bandwidth Management

Enabling Technologies – Scalability Transmit & Receive Hopping Across Transponders Multiple Symbol Rates, Modulation & Coding Intelligent Bandwidth Management Software Transmit Time Plan Receive Time Plan or Mesh Carrier Load Balancing

Enabling Technologies – Flexibility Hybrid Networks Shared SCPC Outbound from Hub DVB-S2/ACM for Increased Efficiency TDMA Return to Hub (Star) Remotes with Low or Irregular Traffic Pattern SCPC Return to Hub (Star) Remotes with Steady Traffic Pattern TDMA Mesh between Remote Terminals SCPC Mesh between Remote Terminals Multiple Transmit Example: SCPC to some Destinations & TDMA to Others

Enabling Technologies – Bandwidth Efficiency Adaptive FEC Rates For Large Networks with Multiple Carriers Multiple Symbol Rates Multiple Modulation (8PSK, QPSK, BPSK, Spread Spectrum) Real-Time Monitoring of SNR for each Remote Terminal & Optimal Carrier and FEC Chosen Intelligent Bandwidth Management System Generates Optimal Time Plan

Enabling Technologies – Low Cost of Ownership Sharing Hub & Space Segment Cost among Multiple Network Operators Group QoS (GQoS) allows Sharing of Space Segment while Logically Partitioning Bandwidth for Multiple Networks Virtual Network Operator (VNO) allows Multiple Network Operators to Manage their Networks Independently while Sharing Hub Equipment, Space Segment and Network Management System & Maintaining Total Privacy Lower Cost of Remote Terminal Hardware Economically Viable Mesh for Small Enterprise Networks

Internet Routing In Space (IRIS)

Internet Routing In Space (IRIS) Concept On-Board Processing & Routing of IP Packets Routing across Transponders On-Board Routing & Multicast Distribution Routing across Co-located Satellites WiMax in Space Routing across Distant Satellites Laser Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) Scalable, Full-Mesh, Single-Hop Connectivity

Remote-to-Remote & Remote-to-Hub with IRIS Router DVB-S2 Out Remote Terminals TDMA In Hub In Hub RF

Hub-to-Remote Communication with IRIS Router DVB-S2 Out Remote Terminals TDMA In Hub In Hub RF

Accessing Google.com with Traditional Broadband

Accessing Google.com with IRIS Router Transponder-1 Transponder-2 Google

Accessing Google.com with IRIS & Laser ISL Router Router Google

Capacity Sizing with IRIS Mesh & Star In Traffic Mesh Traffic S2 Star Out Traffic TDMA Inbound Hub In Traffic uses much better Modulation & Coding than TDMA Inbound S2 Outbound uses ACM Note: QoS becomes more complex with Routing across Transponders & Satellites Remote Inbound Traffic = Mesh + Star Inbound Internet Traffic Asymmetrical (Star Out = n * Star In) S2 Capacity = Mesh Traffic + Star In Traffic + Star Out Traffic Star In Traffic Hub In Star In Traffic Star Out Traffic Internet

Routing, Scalability & QoS with IRIS Region-1 Region-2 Region-3 S2 XP1 S2 XP2 S2 XP3 Router Hub In XP1 Hub In XP2 Hub In XP3 TDMA XP1 TDMA XP2 TDMA XP3 Region-1 Region-2 Region-3

Internet Routing In Space (IRIS) - Advantages Scalability Across Transponders & Satellites Link Budget Signal Reconstruction Higher Data Rates with Smaller Antenna & BUC On-Board Packet Replication Multicast Applications Still Require: Bandwidth Management (Group QoS) Adaptive Schemes for Bandwidth Efficiency Complexity On-Board or Ground Segment – Trade Off

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