Body Organization and Homeostasis 4 Body Organization and Homeostasis 1

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the four major types of tissue in the body? Connective Epithelial Muscle Cartilage D. Cartilage

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the four major types of tissue in the body? Answer: d. Cartilage Explanation: Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle are the four major tissue types. Cartilage is a subtype of connective tissue. 3

2. Sometimes swabs are taken of the inside of the mouth for DNA sampling. What type of cell is being collected? Simple columnar epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium D. Stratified squamous epithelium

2. Sometimes swabs are taken of the inside of the mouth for DNA sampling. What type of cell is being collected? Answer: d. Stratified squamous epithelium Explanation: Stratified squamous epithelium lines the mouth, throat, esophagus, and vagina. 5

3. Which tissue contains cells specialized for the storage of fat? Areolar Adipose Cartilage Dense connective tissue B. Adipose

3. Which tissue contains cells specialized for the storage of fat? Answer: b. Adipose Explanation: Adipose tissue stores fat within its cells. Fat droplets nearly fill the cytoplasm of adipose cells. 7

4. True or false? Endocrine glands secrete substances into ducts, while exocrine glands’ secretions travel throughout the body in the bloodstream. True False B. False

4. True or false? Endocrine glands secrete substances into ducts, while exocrine glands’ secretions travel throughout the body in the bloodstream. Answer: b. False Explanation: Endocrine glands have no ducts. In addition, endocrine glands’ secretions travel mostly in the blood; exocrine secretions empty into ducts. 9

5. A subtype of cartilage is ______, while a subtype of muscle is ______. smooth; striated cardiac; hyaline elastic; smooth skeletal; cardiac C. elastic; smooth

5. A subtype of cartilage is ______, while a subtype of muscle is ______. Answer: c. elastic; smooth Explanation: The three subtypes of cartilage are hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic. The three subtypes of muscle are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. 11

6. ______ is a liquid tissue and is a subtype of ______ tissue. Cartilage; dense connective Smooth muscle; loose connective Blood; specialized connective Blood; proper connective C. blood; specialized connective

6. ______ is a liquid tissue and is a subtype of ______ tissue. Answer: c. Blood; specialized connective Explanation: Blood is the only liquid tissue covered in this chapter, and it is a subtype of specialized connective tissue. 13

7. The cells that line organs that must contain fluids, such as the intestine or bladder, are held together by ______ junctions. adhesion gap neuroglial tight D. tight

7. The cells that line organs that must contain fluids, such as the intestine or bladder, are held together by ______ junctions. Answer: d. tight Explanation: Tight junctions form a seal between cells to prevent leaking. They are found in the lining of the urinary tract and intestine. In the digestive tract they prevent digestive enzymes and microorganisms from entering the blood 15

8. In a negative feedback mechanism, the ______ is a muscle or gland that functions to carry out the selected response. receptor control center effector factor C. effector

8. In a negative feedback mechanism, the ______ is a muscle or gland that functions to carry out the selected response. Answer: c. effector Explanation: The receptor detects a change in a factor such as body temperature. The control center selects the appropriate response to the change. The effector is a muscle or gland that carries out the selected response. 17

9. Which tissue has cells with the following characteristics 9. Which tissue has cells with the following characteristics? Long, cylindrical shape Multinucleated and striated Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Fibrocartilage C. Skeletal muscle

9. Which tissue has cells with the following characteristics 9. Which tissue has cells with the following characteristics? Long, cylindrical shape Multinucleated and striated Answer: c. Skeletal muscle Explanation: Striated tissues include cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle has short, branching cells and a single nucleus. Skeletal muscle has long, cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei. 19

10. Which cells function to conduct electrical impulses? Neurons Chondrocytes Bone cells All of the above A. Neurons

10. Which cells function to conduct electrical impulses? Answer: a. Neurons Explanation: Chondrocytes are cartilage cells, and bone cells do not conduct electrical impulses. Neurons do. 21

11. The pericardial cavity is part of the ______ cavity, which is included in the ______ cavity. dorsal; abdominal pelvic; abdominal thoracic; dorsal thoracic; ventral D. thoracic; ventral

11. The pericardial cavity is part of the ______ cavity, which is included in the ______ cavity. Answer: d. thoracic; ventral Explanation: The ventral cavity contains the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The thoracic cavity contains the pleural and pericardial cavities. 23

12. The membrane found lining the shoulder joint is the ______ membrane. cutaneous mucous serous synovial D. synovial

12. The membrane found lining the shoulder joint is the ______ membrane. Answer: d. synovial Explanation: Synovial membranes line the cavities of movable joints such as the shoulder. Cutaneous membrane covers the skin, mucous membranes line cavities open to the environment, and serous membranes line closed cavities. 25

13. Our skin protects us against ______. UV rays from the sun trauma disease-causing agents All of the above D. All of the above.

13. Our skin protects us against ______. Answer: d. All of the above Explanation: Melanin protects against UV rays; keratin protects against trauma and pathogens. 27

14. True or false. The integumentary system consists of three layers 14. True or false? The integumentary system consists of three layers. From outermost to innermost, they are made of epithelium, dense connective tissue, and loose connective tissue. True False B. False

14. True or false. The integumentary system consists of three layers 14. True or false? The integumentary system consists of three layers. From outermost to innermost, they are made of epithelium, dense connective tissue, and loose connective tissue. Answer: b. False Explanation: The skin or integument consists of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and consists of stratified squamous epithelium. The dermis contains a thin, superficial layer of loose connective tissue and a deeper layer of dense connective tissue. The hypodermis is not considered part of the skin. 29

15. Extracellular matrix is composed of ______. ground substance and protein fibers formed elements adipose epithelium A. ground substance and protein fibers

15. Extracellular matrix is composed of ______. Answer: a. ground substance and protein fibers Explanation: The ground substance is usually secreted by cells of the connective tissue, and the protein fibers are produced by fibroblasts. Unlike other tissues, connective tissues are primarily matrix with cells scattered randomly throughout. B. False 31

16. Which glands function to keep the skin and hair soft? Sebaceous glands Sweat glands Arrector pili Endocrine A. Sebaceous glands

16. Which glands function to keep the skin and hair soft? Answer: a. Sebaceous glands Explanation: Sweat glands cool the skin, and arrector pili muscles warm the skin by creating “goose bumps.” Sebaceous glands secrete sebum which keep the skin and hair soft. 33

17. The skin plays a key role in thermoregulation, or the regulation of body temperature. Which structures are involved in this process? The sebaceous glands Dermal blood vessels and sweat glands Melanin, sebum, and keratin All of the above B. Dermal blood vessels and sweat glands

17. The skin plays a key role in thermoregulation, or the regulation of body temperature. Which structures are involved in this process? Answer: b. Dermal blood vessels and sweat glands Explanation: Dermal blood vessels vasoconstrict to conserve warmth or vasodilate to help cool the body. Sweat glands also help cool the body. Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which function to soften the hair and skin. Melanine protects against UV light. 35