ADD Alternatives in the Classroom: 25 Practical Strategies Thomas Armstrong, Ph.D. (www.thomasarmstrong.com) “Best Practices in Teaching Leadership” Saint Mary’s College of California Moraga, CA April 21, 2007

Alternative Paradigms Cultural Cognitive Educational Developmental Gender Related Psycho-Affective Holistic

Holistic Paradigm Psychological Cultural Developmental The Whole Child Educational Cognitive Biological Gender Related

ADD/ADHD Paradigm Psycho-Affective Cultural Educational Developmental Biological Gender Related Cognitive

Biological Strategies Balanced Breakfast Feingold Diet Allergy-Free Diet

Behavioral Strategies Internally-Empowering Behavior Mod Contracting Positive Time Out Feedback

Cognitive Strategies Self-Talk Skills Visualization Focusing Biofeedback

Educational Interventions Multiple Intelligences Incidental Learning Attention-Grabbing Instructions Computer Software

Psycho-Affective Strategies Expressive Arts Positive Self Image Positive Role Models Positive Career Aspirations

Interpersonal Strategies Positive Rapport Social Skills Peer or Cross-Age Tutoring

Ecological Strategies Music Color Time Space

Physical Strategies Appropriate Physical Movement Hands-On Learning Physical Relaxation Strong PE Programs

Resources Armstrong, Thomas. The Myth of the ADD Child: 50 Ways to Improve Your Child’s Behavior and Attention Span without Drugs, Labels, or Coercion. New York: Plume, 1997. Armstrong, Thomas. ADD/ADHD Alternatives in the Classroom. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1999. Divoky, Diane and Peter Schrag. The Myth of the Hyperactive Child. New York: Pantheon, 1975. Goodman, Gay, and Mary Jo Poillon. “ADD: Acronym for Any Dysfunction or Difficulty,” Journal of Special Education, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1992. Griss, Susan. Minds in Motion: A Kinesthetic Approach to Teaching Elementary Curriculum. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1998. McGuinness, Diane. When Children Don’t Learn. New York: Basic, 1985. Merrow, John. “ Attention Deficit Disorder: A Dubious Diagnosis,” (Video). The Merrow Report, 588 Broadway, Suite 510, New York, NY 10012, 212-941-8060; 212-941-8068 (fax). Patterson, Marilyn Nikimaa. Every Body Can Learn: Engaging the Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence in the Everyday Classroom. Tucson, AZ: Zephyr Press, 1997. Reid, Robert, John W. Maag, and Stanley F. Vasa, “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as a Disability Category: A Critique,” Exceptional Children, Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 198-214.