Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Three Types of Rocks Rocks are classified by how they form Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Rocks can change from one type to another over time Schist

Rock Classification Rocks are classified by: How they form Texture Grain size Mineral composition Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

Igneous Rocks Igneous rock: forms when molten rock (magma) cools and hardens Classified by: Where they form Crystal (grain) size Basalt

Intrusive Igneous Rock Intrusive igneous: cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth’s surface granite

Extrusive Igneous Rock Extrusive igneous: cooling takes place rapidly on Earth’s surface Pumice

Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rock: forms from the compaction and/or cementation of sediments This process is called lithification Sediments are: Rock pieces Mineral grains Shell fragments Limestone

How do sediments form? weathering Sediments form through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface erosion

Sedimentary Rock con’t…. Sedimentary rock can also form from the chemical depositing of materials that were once dissolved in water When water evaporates, minerals are left behind and form rock gypsum

Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic rock: forms when any rock type is changed into a different kind of rock Changes due to great heat and/or pressure Gneiss

How does rock change? Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids marble

The Rock Cycle

The Earth Recycles Rock The rock cycle is an ongoing series of processes inside Earth and on the surface Slowly changes rocks from one kind to another Any type of rock can change into another type

How does this relate to plate tectonics? Plate movement drives the rock cycle Subduction (1 plate pushed under another plate) Re-melts rock into magma Mountain building Folding, faulting, uplift Exposes rock at the surface to be weathered and eroded

Cementation and compaction (lithification) Heat and pressure Weathering, transportation(erosion), and deposition Cooling and solidification Melting

Rocks/Rock Cycle Foldable Your foldable should include the following: Name of each rock type How each rock type formed A brief description of rock type At least 2 examples of each rock type Illustrate 1 example for each rock type

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Do Now – Tuesday March 11 In Textbook: Complete pg. 107 #1-8

Do Now – Thursday March 4 Rock Texture Composition Comments   Conglomerate Coarse, 2mm Rounded pebbles Rounded pebbles, sand and clay can easily be seen Sandstone Medium, .0625 – 2 mm Quartz, other minerals and rock fragments Sand grains can be seen; rough surfaces Shale Microscopic, .004 - .06 mm Clays, micas Has muddy appearance Limestone Coarse to fine Calcite, shells May contain fossils, seashells; fizzes when in hydrochloric acid Chert Fine Quartz Is light-colored; also called flint; once used for arrowheads Rock salt Halite Has salty taste; table salt Limestone is composed of the mineral   A.               quartz B.              calcite C.              halite D.              gypsum Based on the information given about each of these rocks, into which rock type would all these examples be classified?   A.               Igneous B.              Metamorphic C.              Sedimentary D.              Mineral

Approximate Hardness of Common Objects Moh's Hardness Scale Approximate Hardness of Common Objects Talc Gypsum   1 2 Fingernail (2.5) Calcite 3 Copper penny (3.5) Fluorite 4 Iron nail (4.5) Apatite 5 Glass (5.5) Feldspar 6 Steel file (6.5) Quartz Topaz 7 Streak plate (7.0) 8 Corundum 9 Diamond 10 Which statement is best supported by the data shown? An iron nail contains fluorite. B. A streak plate is composed quartz. C.  Topaz is harder than a steel file. D. Apatite is softer than a copper penny. Gypsum

  Based on the processes shown in the diagram, which type of rock is formed at #1?     A. Sedimentary  B. Igneous C. Metamorphic D. Clastic   Because heat and pressure are needed to form #3, it must be what type of rock? A.     Sedimentary B.     Igneous C.     Metamorphic D.     Clastic