Fig. 3 Hippocampal theta oscillations during goal-directed navigation. Hippocampal theta oscillations during goal-directed navigation. (A) Depiction of selected hippocampal electrode channels, which were located in the anterior hippocampus. Each white dot represents one channel from a separate patient (n = 16). (B) Hippocampal ERP during cue presentation. (C) Exemplary time periods with theta oscillations during goal-directed navigation from different patients. Black, raw signal; red, low-frequency component of the raw signal (passband, 1 to 10 Hz); green shading, time periods with theta oscillations as detected by MODAL (see Materials and Methods). (D) Summary of frequency bands detected by MODAL, across patients, showing that they preferentially occurred at a frequency of 3 to 4 Hz. Dots represent mean, and vertical lines represent SEM. Lukas Kunz et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav8192 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).