Detection of spiked bacteria.

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Detection of spiked bacteria. Detection of spiked bacteria. The human fecal (A), pig fecal (B), and hospital sewage (C) samples were spiked with a strain mix composed of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 and Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in a CFU ratio of 1.02. The three sample matrices, as well as aliquots of the strain mix (D), were extracted using seven different DNA extraction methods. The two strains were detected by 16S rRNA gene profiling, and their ratios were determined. For details, see Materials and Methods. An asterisk in panel D indicates that the values for the particular DNA extraction of the strain mix are based on single measurements. All other values are based on averages from duplicate or triplicate DNA extractions. The dashed line indicates the ratio of the strain mix based on CFU determinations. The x axis scale is the same for all panels (A to D), and the y axis scale is specific for each sample type. Berith E. Knudsen et al. mSystems 2016; doi:10.1128/mSystems.00095-16