Figure 1 Novel markers of increased stroke risk in AF

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Figure 1 Novel markers of increased stroke risk in AF Figure 1 | Novel markers of increased stroke risk in AF. Several emerging risk factors have been shown to have added value in stroke risk prediction in atrial fibrillation (AF), beyond the established risk scores. These factors include clinical risk factors, serum natriuretic peptides and troponins, echocardiographic markers of atrial enlargement and dysfunction, and atrial fibrosis on cardiac MRI. The specific cut-off values indicated are based on the best available clinical evidence. cTnI, cardiac troponin I; cTnT, cardiac troponin T; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; LAA, left atrial appendage; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Calenda, B. W. et. al. (2016) Stroke risk assessment in atrial fibrillation: risk factors and markers of atrial myopathy Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.106