Alleghany Orogeny Birth of Pangea
Alleghany Orogeny Final event in the assembly of Pangea Iapetus Ocean is completely closed Gondwana collides with Laurentia Western Africa collides with Eastern North America Largest orogenic event in southern Appalachians
Structural Effects: tilting/folding
Structural and Stratigraphic Effects: Folded Molasse
Structural Effects: folding
Stratigraphic Effects: angular unconformity and molasse
Relief and included fragments along unconformity
Molasse with a difference: coal
Coal Breaker
Coal end use
Coal to electricity
Effects of coal use: abandoned strip mines, mine spoil and acidity
Sheridan Banks: mine spoil
Sheridan Banks: mine spoil
Sediment loading and AMD
AMD: acid mine drainage
AMD and ‘red boy’
AMD from the subsurface
Appalachians and Appalachian Basin
Appalachian Provinces
Appalachian Provinces
Appalachian Provinces