Production and manufacture of Medicinal Plants Lecture (2) Dr Dalia Rasheed

Guava Syrup Each 100 ml contain Guava leaf extract 5 ml Tilia flower extract 5 ml Fennel oil 1 ml Thyme oil 1 ml

Guava Syrup Guava leaf extract contains: Tannins. Flavonoids. Triterpenoids. β-sitosterol. Tilia flower extract: Volatile oils. Fennel oil: Volatile oil. Thyme oil:

Guava Syrup Flavonoids: strong antioxidant, antimicrobial agents with cardio-protective effects due to their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Tannins: antioxidant, antimicrobial agents with prominent astringent effect. Tannic acid

Volatile oils: Antispasmodic-Essential oils: prevent excessive involuntary muscular contractions and spasms. ( Chamomile, peppermint , Anise) Analgesics-Essential oils: relief pain, especially when applied locally (Lavender, Eucalyptus, Rosemary) Antifungal-Essential oils: effective against the reproduction or growth of Candida albicans and other fungi or yeast. (Pine, Rosemary, Geranium) Antimicrobial-Essential oils: capable of destroying microorganisms or suppressing their multiplication and growth. (Thyme, Clove, Oregano)

Homemade Honey & Onion Cough Syrup                            Here’s a recipe for an all-natural cough syrup that is great for adults. Ingredients: Red onion/garlic, honey, brown sugar/white sugar Why red/yellow onion or garlic: Onion is contains a milder form of some of the active components in garlic, but both strengthen the immune system, work as natural antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and expectorants (they loosen up mucous so you can cough it up.) Why honey: If you have a dry cough, honey is great for soothing itchy and irritated throats as well as a sweetner.

Levatec Capsule Each capsule contains Milk thistle extract (Silymarin) 175 mg Dandelion root powder 85 mg Ginger root powder 60 mg Burdock root powder 60 mg Another formula; each capsule contains Silymarin 160 mg Parsely root extract 50 mg Globe Artichoke extract (cynarin) 50 mg Ginseng root extract 60 mg

Levatec Capsule Milk thistle extract contains 65–80% Silymarin (a flavonolignan complex) 20–35% fatty acids Silymarin complex (mechanism of action??)

Levatec Capsule Dandelion root contains Triterpene taraxasteryl acetate Flavonoid glycosides 20–35% fatty acids Coumarins & bitter principles Taraxasteryl acetate Dandelion indications: Diuretic, treatment of urinary tract infections. Choleretic, treatment of liver & gall bladder complaints. Dyspeptic complaints & loss of appetite.

Applied example: Levatec Capsule Ginger root (rhizome) contains: Pungent principles (non-volatile constituent); Gingerol. Essential oils (volatile constituents), which are a mixture of geranial, neral, 1,8-cineole, zingiberene, β-bisabolene and β-sesquiphellandrene. Pungent principle Ginger root (Zingiber officinale) A remedy for nausea and indigestion, colic, irritable bowel, loss of appetite, poor circulation, dyspepsia (bloating, heartburn, flatulence), indigestion and gastrointestinal problems such as gas and stomach cramps.

Burdock root contains Caffeic acid derivatives, chlorogenic acid Essential oils Lignans Triterpenes and phytosterols Cholesterol β-sitosterol Stigmasterol Burdock is considered to be a diuretic, diaphoretic, and a blood purifying agent.

Parsely root contains Furanocoumarins: bergapten, psoralen & xanthotoxin Flavonoids (1.9-6%) : mainly apiin Essential oils (0.05- 0.2%) consisting mainly of apiole & myristicin Parsely is indicated for urinary tract infections, kidney and bladder stones.

Globe Artichoke contains Caffeic acid derivatives, chlorogenic acid & cynarin. Flavonoids mainly rutin (0.5%). Sesquiterpene lactone (up to 4%) cynaropicrin & cynaratriol Artichoke aids digestion, liver and gallbladder functions, reduces cholesterol levels and the total antioxidant activity of artichoke is one of the highest reported for vegetables

Ginseng root contains Triterpene saponins termed ginsenosides Oleanolic acid and its derivatives Ginseng indications : Antioxidant, antiplatelets, antineoplastic and antiviral drug.

Diastop Suspension Each 100 ml contain And what if ?? Tincture Catechu 15 ml Tincture Belladonna 2 ml Anise oil 0.2 ml Lemon oil 1 ml Calcium carbonate 8 g Kaolin 8 g And what if ?? Lemon fluid extract 5 ml

Acacia catechu heartwood contains Tannins 25%, Catechin 10% (Uses ????)

Belladonna leaves & root contains (0.2 to 2.0%) tropane alkaloids, The main alkaloid of the total alkaloid complex is (S)-hyoscyamine. In vitro, i.e. in solution, (S)-hyoscyamine undergoes rapid racemisation to atropine, which is R,S-hyoscyamine. Hyoscyamine Atropa belladonna preparations are mainly used against spasms and colic pains of the gastro-intestinal and biliary tracts.

Anise contains volatile oils & Lemon contain ?? Ascorbic acid Limonene Anethole Anethole has sweet distinct flavor beside potent antimicrobial properties, against bacteria, yeast and fungi. Vitamin C attains high concentrations in the immune cells, has antimicrobial and promotes lymphocyte proliferation. It is used quickly during infections, which indicates its notable role in immune system regulation. Limonene is commonly used as a fragrant ingredient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Nolaver Cream Ingredients Aloe Vera extract. Rosemary oil. Sesame oil. Honey extract. Suggest the flow chart for processing the herbal ingredients of this product.

Carminative (Anti-flatulence): Indications Antispasmodic: Chamomile & Fennel: V.O. & Flavonoids. Peppermint, Clove, Ginger & Turmeric: V.O. Thyme: Flavonoids. Ammi visnaga: Coumarins. Hyoscyamus – Belladonna – Stramonium: Alkaloids. Carminative (Anti-flatulence): Chamomile, Fennel, Peppermint, Clove, Ginger, Turmeric, Cinnamon & Caraway: V.O. Plantago: Mucilage.

Digestive (for treatment of Dyspepsia): Clove, Ginger & Turmeric: V.O. Chamomile: Bitter principles. Peppermint: Phenolic acids. Laxative - Purgative (for treatment of Constipation): Senna & Rhubarb: Anthraquinone glycosides. Plantago: Mucilage. Safflower: Fixed oils. Anti-diarrheal: Catechu & Guava: Tannins. Anti-cough (Expectorant – Antitussive – Demulcent – Bronchial antispasmodic): Scilla & Liquorice: Saponins. Thyme: V.O. & Flavonoids. Guava: Flavonoids. Tilia: Mucilage. Turmeric: Curcuminoids. Lobelia: Alkaloids.

Anti-inflammatory: Analgesic: Antimicrobial: Pumpkin & Saw palmetto: Sterols. Thyme: Triterpenes. Chamomile: V.O. & Flavonoids. Ginger: V.O. Liquorice: Flavonoids. Turmeric: V.O. & Curcuminoids. Echinacea: Phenolic acids & Flavonoids. Analgesic: Fennel, Thyme, Tilia, Chamomile, Peppermint & Ginger: V.O. Antimicrobial: Fennel, Thyme, Caraway, Cinnamon & Ginger: V.O. Chamomile: V.O. & Flavonoids. Guava: Flavonoids & Tannins. Liquorice: Flavonoids & Coumarins. Saw palmetto: Flavonoids. Ammi visnaga: Coumarins.

Sedative: Diuretic: Immunomodulatory: Hyoscyamus – Belladonna – Stramonium: Alkaloids. Chamomile: V.O. & Flavonoids. Valerian: V.O. & Irridoides. Tilia: V.O. Diuretic: Tilia: Flavonoids. Scilla: Saponins. Immunomodulatory: Liquorice, Turmeric & Safflower: Polysaccharides. Echinacea: Polysaccharides & Alkyl amides.

Guaveged Syrup Ingredient Phytochemical class Constituent Use in the product Chamomile Volatile oil (blue colored) Ester of angelic and ortiglic acid, chamazulene analgesic, anti-spasmodic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial Flavonoids luteolin , quercitin and apigenin Guava flavonoids Luteolin derivatives Antimicrobial activity polyphenols Gallocatechin, leucocyanidin, guaijaverin, amritoside Thyme Volatile oil Thymol Antibacterial, Expectorant Luteolin & apigenin Bronchial antispasmodic Triterpenes Ursolic acid & oleanolic acid Anti-inflammatory

Pepon capsule Ingredient Phytochemical class Constituents Use in the product Pumpkin Steroids Cholesterol, isoavenasterol Anti-inflammatory Saw palmito Flavonoid Isoquercitin, kaempferol-3-O-glycoside Antimicrobial steroid Β-sisterol, β-sisterol-3-O-glucoside

Phytochemical classes Broncho Syrup Ingredients Phytochemical classes Constituents Use in the product Scilla Triterpene saponin   Expectorant Liquorice Saponin glycoside Glycyrrhetic acid Flavonoid Aglycones (liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, isolicoflavanol) Antimicrobial Coumarin Hydroxycoumarin, umbelliferone, glycycoumarin & licopyranocoumarin  Antimicrobial Lobelia Alkaloid Lobeline, lobelanine, lobelanidin Expectorant, antitussive Stramonium Daturine Sedative

Phytochemical classes Kellagon effervescent granules Ingredients Phytochemical classes Constituents Use in the product Ammi visnaga Coumarin Furanocoumarin Khellin, visnagin Smooth muscle relaxant (ureter muscle) to expel stones, Antimicrobial Cymbogon proximus Sesquiterpenes Proximadiol Diuretic

Phytochemical classes Agiolax Sachets Ingredients Phytochemical classes Constituents Use in the product Senna Anthracene glycoside Sennosoides A & B Purgative Naphthalene der. 6- hydroxymusizin Plantago   Mucilage Glacturonoside- rhamnose & arabinoxylan Bulk laxative ttt of flatulence & constipation Fatty oil Iridoid Aucubin Ispagula husk Bulk laxative Due to fiber content

Phytochemical classes Eucarbon Tablets Ingredients Phytochemical classes Constituents Use in the product Senna Anthraquinones, Anthraquinone glycosides Sennosoides A & B Purgative Naphthalene der. 6- hydroxymusizin Rhubarb   Emodin, aloe- emodin & rhein Peppermint Essential oils Menthol Antispasmodic, smooth muscle relaxant Fennel Anethole