U.S Organization and Pacific Actions

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Presentation transcript:

U.S Organization and Pacific Actions

Proclamation of Roosevelt New Production Goals Increase production of airplanes, tanks, AA, machine guns, and merchant shipping Increased emphasis on air superiority

Belligerent Internment Internment of aliens from all belligerent nations planned for Prevented possibility of sabotage and espionage Main controversy came with internment of U.S. citizens

Japanese Internment Spurred by fear and racism Accused of being the “5th Column” of Japanese army Little to no real evidence Army pressured from California delegation and Roosevelt

Executive Order 9066 Mass evacuation of those with Japanese ancestry Japanese interned in “relocation centers” No real justification for citizen internment Compensation provided…in 1988

Japanese in Hawaii Response not as draconian No massive internment (still about 1300 by 1942) Japanese-Americans flock to support U.S. in battalions and infantry units

Strategic Position

“Fortress Europe”

Grand Strategy for WWII Military dilemma Main focus should be on Japanese expansion Soviet and British appear on verge of collapse in Europe Main effort: Defeat Germany

Grand Strategy for WWII Goal is to tighten ring around Europe 1942 operations: defensive/preparatory/limited Not prepared for offensives until 1943 Landings would be: Across Mediterranean into Balkans Western Europe

New Organization Introduction of Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) Military chiefs from Britain and U.S. Highest authority in U.S. military were Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) “Joint” actions between military branches Subordinate committees for logistics, planning, and surveying Each theater led by single commander Task Forces created for specific operations and campaigns

Army Chief of Staff: George Marshall Chief of Naval Ops. Harold R. Stark Chief of Army Air Corps Henry H. Arnold Pres. Chief of Staff William D Leahy

Division of Responsibility Combined Ops GB JCS Chiang Kai-shek U.S. JCS

General Douglas MacArthur Admiral Chester Nimitz Pacific Ocean Area (POA): General Douglas MacArthur Further division of POA in N, C. and W SW Pacific Area (SWPA): Admiral Chester Nimitz

European Theater of Operations commanded by Gen. Dwight Eisenhower Followed after landings in N. Africa

Actions in the Pacific

Actions in the Pacific Navy salvaging wreckage in Pearl Harbor Desperately bolstering important positions ABDA Command created (American-British-Dutch- Australian)

Continued Japanese Expansion Japanese continue unabated into Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore Mass number of surrendering troops in Singapore and Netherlands Indies U.S. Asiatic Fleet destroyed piecemeal in Philippines By 1942- Burma, Malaya, Thailand, French Indochina, Netherlands Indies, and Malay Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomons, and New Britain had fallen

Fall of the Philippines Only territory left in 1942 31,000 U.S. troops supported by Regular Filipino Army Air and naval support virtually non- existent

Fall of the Philippines Japanese invasion begins Dec. 22 MacArthur unable to destroy beach invaders Withdraw to Bataan Peninsula Casualties heavy for attackers (and Allies)

Fall of the Philippines U.S. troops surrender in April after artillery destroys American lines Led to transfer POWs to Cabanatuan 60+ miles Death, executions, torture Now known as the Bataan Death March

Ben Skardon- 100 years old