Integrating Marzano’s Essential 9 Teaching Strategies with Technology

Research Robert Marzano, Debra Pickering, Jane Pollock, Classroom Instruction That Works Identified nine instructional strategies that are most likely to improve student achievement across all content areas and across all grade levels

1. Identifying Similarities and Differences -Comparing similarities and differences -Classifying grouping things that are alike -Metaphors comparing two unlike things -Analogies identifying relationships between pairs of concepts The ability to break a concept into its similar and dissimilar characteristics allows students to understand (and often solve) complex problems by analyzing them in a more simple way. Recommendations For Classroom Practice Give students a model for the process. Use familiar content to teach steps. Give students graphic organizers. Guide students as needed

Examples Inspiration Software Core Adopted Curriculum Venn Diagrams Comparison Matrix Core Adopted Curriculum Foss Science, Scott Foresman Houghton Mifflin Curriculum Companion Graphic organizers, PPT and coming soon Promethean Flip Charts

2. Summarizing & Note-taking Note taking and summarizing are closely related. Both require students to identify what is most important about the knowledge they are learning and then state that knowledge in their own words. Note taking and summarizing are closely related. Both require students to identify what is most important about the knowledge they are learning and then state that knowledge in their own words. High leverage strategies because they: - encourage powerful learning - lead to deeper understanding - endure long-term recall Verbatim note taking is the least effective way to take notes. Word Processing Software (i.e. Microsoft Word): Can be used to create summary frames. Word processing tools such as bold, underline, highlighting can make note taking easier for students. Speech to text features can actually read entire passages to your students helping them to better understand the content of the text. Word also has a built in summary feature that can assist your students in refining this process. Inspiration: Has a built in outline feature. Students can brainstorm ideas and take notes for writing projects in the diagram view and then switch to the outline view to begin the writing process. AVID strategies for taking Cornell Notes and summarizing your thoughts in 2 -3 good sentences.

Examples Word processing software for note-taking Blogging and sharing notes and ideas Inspiration, Kidspiration or KidPix to create outline templates Cornell note templates (AVID)

3. Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition Students who were taught about the relationship between effort and achievement increased their achievement more than students who were taught techniques for time management and comprehension of new material. Students who were taught about the relationship between effort and achievement increased their achievement more than students who were taught techniques for time management and comprehension of new material. Van Overwalle & De Metsenaere, 1990 Implication is that teachers should explain and exemplify the “effort belief” to students. Have students chart their effort and achievement. Give solid examples. Email: Teachers can send quick notes to parents or students giving feedback and providing recognition. This asynchronous form of communication has taken the place of notes pinned to student clothing or shoved inside of backpacks. Teacher Webpages and Content Management Systems: Each teacher in our district has access to their own teacher webpage. You can post student work (with written permission) on these pages. Students will work harder to create quality content when provided with a wider audience. Microsoft Word or Apple Pages: Can be used to create awards and certificates.

Examples Email: Teachers can send positive notes to parents and students Teacher Webpages for posting student work Word processing software to create awards and certificates

4. Homework and Practice Both homework and practice give students opportunities to deepen their understanding and proficiency with the content they are learning. Teacher Webpages: Teachers can and should use their webpages to post homework policies, assignments, test dates, class notes and practice activities. They can provide links to outside web resources to facilitate research and provide practice opportunities. Online Resources: Webpages can provide educational links to support instruction, give students help with homework and provide practice for specific skills such as the ones listed here: http://www.sanjuan.edu/departments.cfm?subpage=14923 Interactive Games: There are many websites with free online interactive games such as this one from Sadlie-Oxford: http://www.sadlier-oxford.com/phonics/analogies/analogiesx.htm, These games provide students with practice on important skills. Presentation Software (i.e. PowerPoint, Promethean Flip Charts, Smart Notebook): Students and teachers can create interactive notebooks, and games to reinforce skills and provide practice.

Examples Teacher Webpages (SchoolWorld) for posting homework assignments Presentation Software (PPT, and Flipcharts) to present concepts and provide practice Online Resources: Educational links to support instruction, Online Assessment www.sanjuan.edu/curriculumresources www.nettrekker.com

5. Non-linguistic Representations Teachers typically present new information to students verbally. Engaging students in creating visual representations stimulates and increases activity in the brain. Teachers typically present new knowledge to students linguistically. -Engaging students in the creation of nonlinguistic representation actually stimulates and increases activity in the brain Interactive White Boards: Graphics are built into the software assist students by providing them with non-linguistic representations. Flip Charts can be created, which tie graphics to text to improve comprehension and create background information. Kidspiration: This program develops thinking, literacy and numeracy skills using proven visual learning principles. In reading and writing, Kidspiration strengthens word recognition, vocabulary, comprehension and written expression. With new visual math tools, students build reasoning and problem solving skills. Inspiration: Students can use Inspiration templates to plan, research and complete projects successfully. In Diagram View, students use nonlinguistic representations to create graphic organizers (a core element of visual learning) to analyze, compare and evaluate information. They can also create word webs, sequencing charts and word analysis charts.

Interactive White Boards Examples Graphic Organizers Kidspiration Inspiration Interactive White Boards

6. Cooperative Learning Organizing students into cooperative groups yields a positive effect on overall learning if approach is systematic and consistent. Recommendations For Classroom Use Teach students the elements of cooperative learning Vary grouping criteria (informal, formal and base) Manage group size (3-5 students)

Examples Online collaboration resources: Google Docs/Spreadsheets Gliffy Bernie Dodge’s WebQuest Page Google: type in online educational collaboration projects

7. Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback Students learn more efficiently when they know the goals and objectives of a specific lesson or learning activity. Word Processing Software (i.e. Microsoft Word): Can be used to create rubrics to provide feedback, set goals and objectives, and create documents to reinforce effort and provide student recognition. You can also use these applications to create reading logs, and student contracts to support setting objectives and providing feedback. Online Resources: Online web sites such as Rubistar http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php help teachers and students to create rubrics to provide feedback. Student Response Tools: Tools such as ActiveVotes can provide immediate feedback, reinforce effort and provide recognition to your students.

Examples Student response tools such as ActiveVotes to provide immediate feedback Word processing software can be used to create rubrics Online resources such as Rubistar to create rubrics

8. Generating and Testing Hypotheses Generating and testing hypotheses involves the application of knowledge, which enhances learning Inspiration and Kidspiration: Graphic organizers can be used to brainstorm ideas and generate hypotheses. Online Resources: Can be used for research to test hypotheses

Examples Online Games, Video Games Inspiration/Kidspiration

9. Cues, Questions, & Advanced Organizers Cues: Explicit reminders about what a student is about t experience Questions: Help students analyze what they already know Advance Organizers: Help students retrieve what they know about a topic and focus on the new information Questions, Cues, & Advanced Organizers (chapter 10) Strategy to help students construct meaning/make sense of it, activating prior knowledge Online Resources: Online resources such as this website to support questions and answers: http://www.readingquest.org/strat/qar.htm\ Spreadsheet Software (i.e. Excel): To create templates and spreadsheets.

Examples KWL Charts Inspiration Templates Advanced Organizers Using Microsoft Office

Percentile Gains on Standardized Tests

References Robert Marzano, Debra Pickering, Jane Pollock,Classroom Instruction That Works Howard Pitler, Elizabeth Hubbell, Matt Kuhn, Kim Malenoski, Using Technology With Classroom Instruction That Works Sherri Hiller, Putting the Pieces Together, http://gets.gc.k12.va.us/VSTE/2008/,