Introduction to CELLS!!!! 1 1
Discovery made possible by the invention of the microscope THE CELL The basic unit of life Discovery made possible by the invention of the microscope 2
Cell Theory: All organisms are made up of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of life Cells can only come from other living cells. 3
Two Basic Cell Types Prokaryote Cells Eukaryote Cells 4 4
Two Basic Cell Types 1)Prokaryote- most basic No enclosed internal structures. No true nucleus. Have a nucleoid region where DNA is found Most are unicellular organisms. Examples: bacteria 5
EUKARYOTE 2) Eukaryote- more advanced Enclosed internal structures (organelles). True nucleus with DNA. Either unicellular or multicellular. Examples: Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals 6
Cell’s Main Parts 1. Plasma/Cell Membrane 2. Cell Wall 3. Cytoplasm 7
Plasma/Cell Membrane It encloses all cells 3 important Jobs: Protects the inside of the cell Supports & gives the cell shape Controls what enters & exits the cell Maintains homeostasis 8
Main Cell Parts: Cell Membrane: 9 9
Cell Membrane: Up Close and Personal 10 10
Cell Wall ONLY in PLANT CELLS Protects the cell Gives the cell shape Made of cellulose 11
CELL WALL 12 12
Makes up most of the cell It’s the “jelly” of the cell Cytoplasm Makes up most of the cell It’s the “jelly” of the cell Made mainly of H20 Holds the organelles 13
DNA is found floating in a Nucleoid Region Prokaryotes DNA is found floating in a Nucleoid Region Most are unicellular organisms.
Function: to stick to surfaces PILLI Function: to stick to surfaces
CELL WALL FUNCTION: PROTECTION 7
Flagella: Function: Help move around 8
Allows substances to move in and out of the cell Plasma Membrane Allows substances to move in and out of the cell
RIBOSOMES Function - make proteins
STOP 14 14
EUKARYOTES: MORE ADVANCED HAVE ORGANELLES Have a NUCLEUS Unicellular or Multicellular 19
2 types of Eukaryotes ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS 20 20
Cell Organelles Each part of a cell has a specific job Organelles- small structures located within the cytoplasm “baby organs!” 16
Function – control center Contains DNA DNA found on chromosomes Nucleus Function – control center Contains DNA DNA found on chromosomes Surrounded by a nuclear membrane/envelope 15
NUCLEUS = BRAIN 15
Mitochondria ‘powerhouse’ MAKES ATP Cellular respiration 17
MITOCHONDRIA = THE POWERHOUSE 18 18
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Network of tubes and channels ‘highway’ system Internal transport 2 kinds: SMOOTH and ROUGH Rough has ribosome's 19
ER = TRANSPORT 20 20
Golgi body ‘package and storage center’ Produces lysosomes 21
GOLGI BODY = PACKAGES 22 22
Lysosomes Digestion sacs Contains enzymes that breakdown food and old cell parts 23
LYSOSOMES: BREAK DOWN 24 24
Vacuoles Storage compartments May hold food, H20 and wastes 25
VACUOLES : ARE LIKE YOUR BLADDER BECAUSE THEY HOLD WATER 26 26
Ribosomes ‘protein factories’ Found attached to the ER or free in the cytoplasm 27
Centrioles Rod-shaped Located near the nucleus Help move chromosomes during reproduction 28
CENTRIOLES: I Like to move it, move it! 29 29
Chloroplasts Found ONLY in plants Contain the pigment chlorophyll Needed for photosynthesis Allows the organism to make its own food (glucose) 30
Nucleolus MAKES RIBOSOME Inside the Nucleus
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