A quick overview of studies performed by the GLORIA project Evidence from the JRC A quick overview of studies performed by the GLORIA project

GLORIA Project Ramirez (2018), Global Innovation Networks: Strategic alliances Co-patenting Joint scientific publications R&D Expenditure Patenting Ramirez (2018), Global Innovation Networks: State of the art and issues at stake for GVCs http://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/research-collaborations.html GLORIA Project

GLORIA Project Ramirez (2018), Global Innovation Networks: Strategic alliances Co-patenting Joint scientific publications R&D Expenditure Patenting Ramirez (2018), Global Innovation Networks: State of the art and issues at stake for GVCs http://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/research-collaborations.html GLORIA Project

GLORIA Project Ramirez (2018), Global Innovation Networks: Strategic alliances Co-patenting Joint scientific publications R&D Expenditure Patenting Ramirez (2018), Global Innovation Networks: State of the art and issues at stake for GVCs http://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/research-collaborations.html GLORIA Project

GLORIA Project Ramirez (2018), Global Innovation Networks: Strategic alliances Co-patenting Joint scientific publications R&D Expenditure Patenting Ramirez (2018), Global Innovation Networks: State of the art and issues at stake for GVCs http://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/research-collaborations.html GLORIA Project

GLORIA Project Ramirez (2018), Global Innovation Networks: Strategic alliances Co-patenting Joint scientific publications R&D Expenditure Patenting Ramirez (2018), Global Innovation Networks: State of the art and issues at stake for GVCs http://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/research-collaborations.html GLORIA Project

Global (Innovation) Value Chains Study with VDI Technology Centre and IDEA Consulting Policy brief Dosso, Potters & Tübke EU support for competitive development of Strategic Value Chains Understanding organisation  Effective policies for integration into GVCs Case studies of 10 major EU R&D investors Then, recently, we have finished a study on Global Innovation Value Chains, together with VDI Technology Centre and IDEA Consulting on how firms fragment their innovation activities. The European Commission has made it one of its official objectives to support the competitive development of strategic value chains of the future. Understanding how companies organise and split up their activities – production but also research and innovation activities – is essential to design policies that effectively target the integration of local firms into value chains. Regions can benefit a lot from the ability to position themselves in Global Value Chains by developing unique competitive advantages. This project analysed case studies of 10 global R&D investors to better understand the fragmentation of their R&D&I activities and the associated geographical distributions. The participating companies were top R&D-investing firms that operate in strategic sectoral groups: pharmaceuticals, aerospace, automobiles and ICT.

Technology Readiness Level Assesses maturity level of technology Used for R&D investment decisions We departed from the Technology Readiness Levels approach, as you can see in this figure. The TRL allow mapping the steps in the different R&D&I processes. The TRL is a measure used to assess the maturity level of a particular technology based on the projects progress – actually introduced by NASA in the 70s – and nowadays mainly used as a tool for facilitating the decision making process on RDI investments. It is divided in four main blocks, ranging from Fundamental Research to Technological Research and via Product Demonstration to Manufacturing.

Source: TRLs adapted from IDEA/VDI case studies

GINs & Regional Capabilities (Global) Joint report of JRC and OECD Dosso, Gkotsis, Vezzani + OECD Digital transformation: ICT developed in all sectors  enables Industry 4.0 Top R&D investors lead the development of ICT-related technologies

GINs & Regional Capabilities

However, at the same time they show that these companies make use of extensive Global Innovation Networks where their affiliates are much more geographically dispersed. The size and dispersion of these networks are sector specific, where Pharmaceutical companies rely on the largest teams of inventors and Chemical companies on the largest number of countries involved in the generation of new technologies.

GINs are sector specific ICT industries – narrower geographical scale Pharma – large teams, but few countries Chemical sector – largest number of countries In another work, my colleagues used patent from the European patent office. With these data they assessed the EU regional capabilities in developing (1) digital technologies related to digital transformation (ICT patents) and (2) the development of innovative products with digital technologies incorporated, combining ICT with non-ICT components – the so-called ICT-combining patents.

Different regions / different capabilities EU, US & Japan: broad number of technologies. Korea and China: almost exclusively in ICT-related technologies. EU and US: fundamental for addressing major societal challenges Health / environment US: most patent applicants – most globalised collaboration However: 31 out of the top 50 patenting companies is located in Asia. Korea is the rising star in ICT development followed by China.

EU regions & digital technologies Gkotsis, Pugliese & Vezzani Ready for Industry 4.0? Regional strength in developing digital technologies (ICT patents) vs Regional strength in developing innovative products that combine both non-ICT and ICT components

EU regions & digital technologies ICT patents Leadership in ICT development is scattered More blue = more ICT patents

EU regions & digital technologies Innovative products with ICT & non-ICT components A more dispersed map Many regions have opportunities developing ICT for Industry 4.0 applications However, when looking at the patenting of innovative products that incorporate ICT patents, we see a much more dispersed map.

EU regions & digital technologies Different regional capabilities are needed for different opportunities that Industry 4.0 offer While the EU missed the first ‘ICT revolution’, it can benefit from the application of those technologies for the industrial digital transformation.

Job polarization Amoroso & Moncada-Paternò-Castello Relationship between inward Greenfield FDI in high and low skilled activities: FDI in R&D and ICT  skill UPGRADING high-skilled labour + medium skilled labour - FDI in Manufacturing  skill DOWNGRADING low-skilled labour + Job polarization: depends on the country and sector specific characteristics Fit to respond to technological change?

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