Small molecule suppression of ATXN3-CAG89 aggregation.

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Small molecule suppression of ATXN3-CAG89 aggregation. Small molecule suppression of ATXN3-CAG89 aggregation. (A) Fixed whole ATXN3-CAG10 and ATXN3-CAG89 transgenic worms stained with a human ATXN3 antibody (blue) and TOPRO dye (yellow) for the nucleic acids. Arrows indicate ATXN3 protein in the motoneurons of ATXN3 transgenics. Second panel is a colour-inverted image to aid visualization. The insets are magnifications of the aggregates indicated in the transgenic worms with a dashed line box. (B) Total protein levels for N2 and transgenic worms expressing ATXN3-CAG10 or mutant ATXN3-CAG89. Antibody detection revealed high accumulation of the ATXN3-CAG89 in the pelleted, insoluble fraction, when compared with ATXN3-CAG10 and N2 wild-type worms. There was a reduction of aggregation in ATXN3-CAG89 worms when treated with 60 μM MB, 50 μM Sal or 50 μM Gua. Gua was especially potent in reducing protein aggregation. (C) Quantification of the intensity of the aggregation in transgenic ATXN3-CAG89 mutants and wild-type N2 and ATXN3-CAG10 worms. There was a significant increase of aggregation in ATXN3-CAG89 when compared with the wild-type N2 and ATXN3-CAG10 worms. After treatment with 60 μM MB (*P<0.05), 50 µM Sal (*P<0.05) or 50 µM Gua (***P<0.001) (by ANOVA) ATXN3-CAG89 showed a significant decrease in aggregation levels. Gua, guanabenz; MB, Methylene Blue; Sal, salubrinal. Yasmin Fardghassemi et al. Dis. Model. Mech. 2017;10:1465-1480 © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd