Ch. 14 the New West 1

Chasing the American Dream Many moved to ____________ without much human ___________________ to realize their dreams. During the 1840s, Americans travelled west to fulfill what is called ________________ ________________ Manifest Destiny is the belief that ____________ and the need to ______________is meant to happen Famous slogan to refer to Manifest Destiny is “______ _______ _____________ _________” 2

Section 1: War in the West 3

Indian Country Most __________________ ___________________ by 1850 lived west of the _______________ ________________________ Many government officials wanted to keep _____________ on _______________________ would force them to become farmers Indians would need to ___________ _____________________ way of life and assimilate to American _______________ 4

____________ Act Divided ___________________ land into individual plots Each _______________ __________________ family received a 160 acre plot Granted _________ ______________________ and subject to local __________ 5

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Govt. agency in charge of handling all issues with ____________ ________________________ _________ wanted to control ___________________and strongly supported ________________ systems U.S. govt. frequently gave up Indian ______________land to __________ 6

7 Indian Removal Pressure increased on Native American _____________________ starting in _________ Indian _____________ Act of 1830 required forced relocation to ___________________ Territory The painting “________ _____ ____________” famously shows Native Americans leaving their homelands and being forced westward The _________________ tribe was most famous tribe removed from _____________________homeland Native Americans began to ____________ the U.S. govt. starting with _____________________Jackson’s administration As settlers moved westward, pressure mounted against Native Americans. Conflict between settlers and Native Americans increased, and the United States government became more involved in the outcomes of such conflicts. In 1829, settlers discovered gold in the Cherokee territory of northwestern Georgia. In response to this discovery, and with the support of President Andrew Jackson, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This law called for all Native Americans in the Southeast to be moved to new territory west of the Mississippi River, allowing white settlers to remain on Native American lands. The United States government subsequently forced members of the Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, and Chickasaw tribes to move from their homes to reservations in the new Oklahoma Territory. Although the Indian Removal Act was very popular among whites, many opposed it. Much of the opposition came from Northerners and Christian missionaries, but some Southern congressmen (including Tennessee Representative David “Davy” Crockett) also came out against the bill. A heated congressional debate involved arguments over the law’s morality. The best-known removal of this period, in which the federal government forced the Cherokee west from their Georgia homeland, was the so-called “Trail of Tears.” Some Cherokee had agreed to the move, but most insisted on staying in Georgia. In 1838, the Army forced the Cherokee to make a thousand-mile march to Oklahoma. Historians estimate that about 4000 Cherokee died along the way. 7

Buffalo 25 million in _______________ By 1889, around 1,100 buffalo remained. Buffalo were: Easy to _______________ Buffalo fur was popular in the ______________. Buffalo hide was ______________, and the leather was used in _________________. Govt. hoped _______________ in buffalo would __________________ the Native Americans into ________________ 8

Battle of Little Bighorn ____________ Also known as “_____________ _____________ _________________” Sioux tribes from all over the west ____________________ the U.S. Army Chief ___________ ______________and ______________ Horse's warriors defeated Custer’s little more than 200 soldiers in an hour. 9

Massacre of Wounded Knee Army response to ______________________ 1890 – ____________ tribe in South Dakota Chief ___________ _______________arrested for violating law and inciting _______________________ -When he resisted arrest, he was shot by the army officers. -120 men and 230 women & children surrendered and were rounded up. -more than ___________ Sioux were killed. 10

Western Farmers and Railroads Ch. 14 Section 2 Western Farmers and Railroads 11

Pacific Railroad Act 1862: Government gave land to the __________________ and _____________ ____________ Railroads to build a _________________________ railroad. Transcontinental railroad would connect _______ to _________ Travelers could go coast to coast in ten days or less after the ______________________was complete. 12

The Building of the Railroads Built in _____________ Two companies Central Pacific Railroad Company Union Pacific Railroad Company By 1893 there were 6 major railroad companies in the west ______________ immigrants worked in dangerous conditions 13

Why did America need Railroads? ___________________________ from East to West was not very good ________________ time from East to West took 6 months It would help fulfill ______________ ________________________ The U.S. needed to keep up with other countries _____________ links with China and Japan Help to bring law and ________ to the West 14

Effect of the Railroads: Cheap land for people wanting to go West Once the railroads were built the Railroad companies had no use for the _______________ land _____________ land off cheaply Settlers bought it and started to create communities in the West and Midwest ________________ turned into large ________ Tacoma, Reno, Fresno, and Albuquerque-grew from the railroad. ________________, St. Louis, and Omaha-major _________-_______________ centers. 15

Homestead Act Passed by ________________ in 1862 160 acres of _____________ land given to anyone who served in the _________________ army and was at least 21 years old ____________________ in many more settlers in the West _____________________ were leading ________________ of cities in the West. _________________ of the West increased by over 450,000 between _______ and ___________ 16

Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 Passed to help support ____________________ ________________ by granting federal lands to states to form agricultural colleges. Colleges such as Penn State and Texas A&M were two of first to use ____________ Act funding _______________founded in 1855 and became agricultural school by 1880s Not until the late 1800s did America as a whole focus on _______________________ as opposed to _________________________ 17