APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Aims of this workshop include: facilitate an exchange of information between APEC economies; discuss in greater detail the challenges and opportunities involved in developing and implementing air cargo security arrangements; promote best practice solutions, emphasising low technology / low cost options; and to develop a set of recommendations to take back to the AVSEC Sub- group for further discussion.

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Industry Messages: Work with us when developing the air cargo regulatory environment. Consider the impact of regulations on our ability to carry on business. Focus on Risk Harmonise or recognise each others regulated agent systems. Consider our wider regulatory responsibilities & harmonise where possible. Consider more than technology as a solution That APEC forums coordinate efforts in relation to counterterrorism, supply chain and air cargo security initiatives.

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Plenary 3 - Air Cargo Security: Regulation Modelling Key Questions The Big Picture Current threat environment for your economy? Position of your Government concerning security? Specifically aviation? More specifically air cargo?

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop The Air Cargo Picture Air cargo supply chain look. What are the features? Vulnerabilities within the air cargo supply chain within your economy? Measures to mitigate specific vulnerabilities identified within your economy? Industry attitude to air cargo security? Potential level of industry support to improving security? Your stakeholders?

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop So youve decided to regulate or improve your regulatory position… Potential phases (courtesy of Transport Canada) Phase I – Review and Policy Analysis perform analysis of air cargo industry; assess international best practices; develop and consult on policy options; conduct an air cargo security risk assessment; and identify priorities.

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Phase II – Program Design design a secure supply chain framework (shipper, freight forwarder and air carrier program elements), evaluate technology and screening standards; evaluate level of interoperability between federal organisations; and analyse costs and funding options.

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Phase III – Operational Pilot Testing provide cost/benefit analysis and pilot-testing of program, audit protocols and test screening technology; finalise plan for implementation and submit to approving authorities; Phase IV – Implementation (5 years) fully regulate supply chain programs and an enhanced layered approach.

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Group Discussion – Consideration needs to be given to: Liability The Design of the Regulatory Scheme Shippers Challenges

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Current Environment: Harmonisation and/or mutual recognition between Economies is desired. It must be accepted that not all Economies will be able to fund technology based screening and that many industry participants will not be able to invest in technology based screening. In order to harmonise or recognise another Economys air cargo regime, we must give consideration to screening methodologies other than technology based screening. Plenary 4 - Air Cargo Security: Screening

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Technology Based Screening includes: X-ray; ETD. Non-technology Based Screening includes: Physical search; Profiling; and Application of a known shipper scheme.

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Challenges associated with Technology- based Screening Capability of operators to detect – human factor the weakest link; Monitoring of operators and their training competency; Difficulty detected new explosives; Technology Standards are variable across Economies or dont exist; Retention of operators; Space to put the technology – often a large footprint; ETD equipment (trace and particle) can only detect trace elements - these elements may be present in legitimate air cargo; Cost – who pays?

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Challenges associated with Technology- based Screening contd….. Technology trialling may be needed; 100% difficult/impossible – what about random and continuous (definition required); Should regulations accompany the use of technology – who decides when technology will be used?

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Challenges associated with non-technology based screening Physical search requires training in identification of IEDs; Physical search may be dangerous if IED present; Period hold – but probably redundant; The known shipper scheme would need to be accredited and validated to a predetermined standards – no of shipment may not be good enough anymore; and A layered approach to screening will give better results – particularly in the absence of technology.

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Competencies belong to people not the organisation The effectiveness of a security system is determined by the quality of its implementation; Air cargo security regimes rely on human vigilance – therefore humans need to know their obligations and be given the skills to perform their role; Highly sophisticated screening equipment is only as affective as the people using it; and Competence = Skills + Knowledge + Job Application + Assessment Plenary 5 - Air Cargo Security: Training and Competency

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Group Discussion – Consideration needs to be given to: Identifying what skill sets are required within specific Economies - one size does not always fit all; Assessment technique and application is critical. How do you assess: Knowledge Skills Application 3 job types identified as requiring training: Screeners Trainers/auditors Air Cargo Industry Employees

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Recognition of prior learning, for example, checked bag screening competency. Flexible delivery – how and who should deliver the training (Government, validated 3rd party?); The experience of some suggests train the trainer is a good training technique; and When Regulations are developed it is important to consider how people will be trained to deliver a requirement.

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Benefits in exchanging ideas on different approaches. Potential forms of exchange might include: Personal exchange programs; Dedicated workshops; Training programs; Information exchanges; Subject matter expert contact register; and Partnership arrangements between economies Plenary 6 - Air Cargo Security: Capacity Building

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Capacity Building Targeted to economy needs; Reflect the nature of an economys air cargo sector; Support mutual acceptance of cargo security measures; Enhance a common understanding; Delivered in a culturally sensitive way; Result in increased capacity and capability; Not duplicative; and Feedback to assess effectiveness.

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Recommendations to APEC Transport Working Group consider: Establishment of an APEC air cargo subject matter expert contact register – including industry contacts. Establishment of a mechanism for information exchange between APEC air cargo subject matter experts. Establishment of partnership arrangements between willing economies to facilitate information exchange and capability building. That the APEC Transportation Working Group requests of the Counterterrorism Task Force that consideration be given to air cargo in the development of the APEC Trade Recovery Program

APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop Bangkok, Thailand June 2008 APEC Air Cargo Security Workshop THANK YOU