Interplay between the centrosome cycle and the cell cycle.

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Interplay between the centrosome cycle and the cell cycle. Interplay between the centrosome cycle and the cell cycle. The centrosome cycle consists of several steps that are linked to the cell cycle. (i) Centriole disengagement. Centriole disengagement is accompanied by the displacement of the cohesin ring from the centrosome, occurs from the end of mitosis to early G1 phase and is regulated by Plk1, CDK1, PCM, separase and astrin. After centriole disengagement, a proteinaceous linker, mainly consisting of C-Nap1, rootletin, Cep68 and LRRC45, is established. (ii) Initiation of centriole duplication. Cep152 and Cep192 are responsible for the centrosomal recruitment of Plk4 to initiate centriole duplication (as shown within the dotted circle). Then, Cep135, SAS6, STIL and CPAP form the structural basis of a cartwheel, which is tightly regulated by APC/C, SCF-FBXW5 and Plk4. (iii) Procentriole elongation. Centrobin stabilizes the α/β-tubulin dimers that nucleate at γ-TuSC to promote procentriole elongation. CP110 and CPAP antagonistically determine procentriole length, whereas hPOC5 is responsible for the assembly of the distal portion of the centriole. Autophosphorylation of Plk4 induces its degradation (mediated by SCFβ-TrCP) to prevent centriole reduplication. (iv) Maturation and separation. After centriole duplication, the newly formed mother centriole assembles distal and subdistal appendages. Both centrosomes recruit additional PCM (orange) and separate to form two mature centrosomes. This process is tightly regulated by AurA, Plk1, CDK1 and Nek2A. (v) Bipolar spindle assembly. The separated centrosomes act as robust MTOCs to assemble the bipolar mitotic spindle. The inner circle shows the different phases of the cell cycle and mitotic kinases are shown in red. Gang Wang et al. J Cell Sci 2014;127:4111-4122 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd