Systems of Global Trade Caravans and Galleons Tutor: Giorgio Riello Week 11 Wednesday 13 January 2010 Systems of Global Trade

Assumptions from land to ocean and sea based from a polycentric to a more centred system - from a Eurasian to a global system

1. The World System in the 13th Century Janet Abu-Lughod, Before European hegemony: the world system A.D. 1250-1350 (1989).

1. The World System in the 13th Century Characteristics commodities (produce and products) exchanged over long distances the ‘archipelago of cities’ confined in terms of people and quantities involved - but not smaller than the early modern world system

2. Land Routes: The Silk Roads

2. Land Routes: The Silk Roads

2. Land Routes: The Silk Roads

3. Land Routes: Trans-Saharan Trade

3. Land Routes: Trans-Saharan Trade

2. Land Routes: The ‘Coin Road’

3. Seas and Oceans: The European Expansion Portrait of the Fatih Sultan Mehmed II "The Conqueror“ by Giovanni Bellini

3. Seas and Oceans: The European Expansion

4. Integrating the Atlantic Alfred Crosby and the Culumbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (1972) Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe (1986) - Germs, Seeds, and Animals: Studies in Ecological History (1994)

4. Integrating the Atlantic Methodological Developments Slavery The Atlantic as an area David Hancock, ‘Commerce and conversation in the eighteenth-century Atlantic economy: the invention of the Madeira wine’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, XXIX – 2 (1998), pp. 197-219. 3. Comparative (Indian and the Atlantic)

5. The Indian Ocean Revisited

6. Revising Our Assumptions from land to ocean and sea based from a polycentric to a more centred system Wallestein’s World Systems (1974) Gunder Frank’s ReOrient (1997) - from a Eurasian to a global system

7. Conclusion - Was the world more ‘globalised’ in 1800? Is it correct to focus only on the role of commerce? What was the impact on what was available and their visual, tactile and material characteristics?