Testing the efficacy of a green Rooibos extract to counteract the effects of obesogenic feeding on adiposity and rat adipose stem cells. Principal investigator:

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Presentation transcript:

Testing the efficacy of a green Rooibos extract to counteract the effects of obesogenic feeding on adiposity and rat adipose stem cells. Principal investigator: Dr H Sadie-Van Gijsen1 Collaborators: Dr LM Kotze-Hörstmann1, Dr S Windvogel1, Prof S Kotze2, Dr P van Jaarsveld3, Dr R Johnson3, Prof SS du Plessis1, Prof B Huisamen1 1Division of Medical Physiology and 2Division of Clinical Anatomy, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University 3SA Medical Research Council, Parow

Obesity Data for South Africa: Overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2): 70% of women, 40% of men, 25% of children 40% of women obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) Global Burden of Disease Study 2015: “Attributable deaths and DALYs for high BMI increased substantially, with 645244 more attributable deaths in 2015 than in 2005” (DALY = disability-adjusted life-years: years lived with disability + years of life lost) DALYs associated with high BMI increased 22% from 2005 – 2015 Co-morbidities: diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer

Why can we not just be lean? We don’t understand: Why can we not just be lean?

We don’t understand

Reason 1: Fat is the enemy! Right?? Wrong! Not that simple….. Protection Essential storage function Lipodystrophy vs obesity: two sides of the same coin Produces circulating factors to regulate metabolism Subcutaneous fat: the good guy (mostly) Visceral fat: the bad guy Subcutaneous adipose tissue expandability Bad news: weight-loss does not always help

Reason 1: Fat is the enemy! Right?? Wrong! Not that simple….. Subcutaneous adipose tissue expandability very important, should not be suppressed Bad news: weight-loss does not always help

We all need a healthy amount of healthy fat tissue to stay healthy

Therefore, the fight against obesity cannot be reduced to a simplistic aim of reducing body weight, fat cell formation or fat content, and “weight-loss” products need to be evaluated for their effect on fat tissue and fat cell development and function.

Reason 2: inadequate models Options: fat biopsies (only superficial) 3T3-L1 cells: one mouse from 1974! SGBS cells: fat overgrowth disorder Other cell lines All very poor representations! Cannot mimic whole-body conditions

Primary adipose stem cells (ASCs) Progenitor/precursor cells for new adipocytes (fat cells) within fat tissue Produce circulating factors with metabolic activity Become dysfunctional during obesity Can be used to test the effect of in vivo interventions (diets, drugs, etc) on adipocyte biology ex vivo Can compare subcutaneous and visceral fat

Opinion statement: we should all endeavour to use ASCs Field survey: who has done what?

Studies published so far using ASCs Seven studies around the world looked at the effects of obesity-inducing diets on ASCs

Studies published so far using ASCs Seven studies around the world looked at the effects of diet-induced obesity on ASCs NO studies done on weight-loss drugs or any botanical products!

Time-line: Male Wistar rats ASC culture differentiation into fat cells Chow Chow-GRE HS HS-GRE HF HF-GRE (n=12 each) Sample collection: Body weight Serum Blood glucose Whole hearts Aortas Kidneys Livers, spleens, pancreata Adipose tissue (subcutaneous, perirenal visceral) (pv weight) Isolation of scASCs and pvASCs 10 weeks 7 weeks 4 weeks 4 weeks after weaning: Chow High sugar (HS) High fat (HF) (n = 24 each) Lipid analysis Gene expression Protein expression Circulating factors GRE: 60 mg/kg body weight daily

Main advantages of study Detailed scientific data on the effects of Rooibos on ASCs during the development of obesity Detailed scientific data on the effects of obesity-inducing diets on ASCs First in SA and Africa

Acknowledgements All collaborators SA Rooibos Council – main funder National Research Foundation – co-funder SA Sugar Association – co-funder SU Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (for keeping the lights on!)