Section B Q6 2005 Organic chemistry.

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Presentation transcript:

Section B Q6 2005 Organic chemistry

6. (a) The octane number of a fuel is described as a measure of the tendency of the fuel to cause knocking, or as a measure of the tendency of the fuel to resist auto-ignition. This number is found by comparing the combustion of the fuel with the combustion of a mixture of two reference hydrocarbons using the same standard engine. (i) Name both of the reference hydrocarbons present in the mixture used when measuring octane. (8) Answer: 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) / heptane (n-heptane) (2 x 4) Section B Q6(a) 2005

6(ii) State two structural features of a hydrocarbon molecule which contribute to it having a high octane number. (6) Answer : short chain length / branching / ring (cyclic) / aromatic ANY TWO: (2 x 3) Section B Q6(a) 2005

Answer: catalyst poison / destroys catalytic converter (3) 6(iii) Lead compounds were used in the past to increase the octane number of fuels. Why are lead compounds unsuitable as additives for petrol used in modern cars? (3) Answer: catalyst poison / destroys catalytic converter (3) Section B Q6(a) 2005

6(iv) Identify one additive or type of additive, other than a compound of lead, used to increase the octane number of fuels. (3) Answer :Oxygenate / alcohol / methanol / ethanol / ether (alkoxyalkane) / methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane) (3) Section B Q6 (a) 2005

Q6(b) There are three structural isomers of the hydrocarbon of formula C₅H₁₂. In the case of each of these isomers, draw the structure of the molecule and give its systematic IUPAC name. (18) Answer: Section B Q6(b) 2005