Alexander’s Empire Peloponnesian War weakened Greek city-states Philip II, King of Macedonia, decided to take advantage of this

Philip Builds Macedonian Power Greeks considered Macedonians uncivilized

Philip’s Army King at age 23 Used his phalanx to attack Greece

Conquest of Greece Athens and Thebes joined forces to fight Philip’s army They were defeated at the battle at Chaeronea (KAIR un NEE uh) Philip is generous and agrees to release prisoners Philip is assassinated, son Alexander becomes king.

Alexander Defeats Persia Thebes revolts Alexander destroys the city Other city-states were frightened and wouldn’t revolt

Invasion of Persia Greece is under control, sets sight on Persia Defeats Persians at the Granicus River Persian King, Darius III, vowed to crush Alexander Outnumbered, Alexander launches a surprise attack Darius flees

Conquering the Persian Empire In an attempt of a truce, Darius offers Alexander part of the Persian empire Alexander declines, wants all of the Persian Empire Marched into Egypt. They crown him a pharaoh. He founds Alexandria Alexander marches into Mesopotamia Clashes with Darius who ends up fleeing Alexander conquers Persepolis, Persia’ capital

Alexander’s Other Conquests Alexander continued after Darius and to Persia’s Asian provinces Found Darius already dead Continued to push eastward

Alexander in India In the Indus Valley met an Indian army Alex. defeats them, but marches troops another 200 miles Morale was low 11 years of fighting Soldiers wanted to go home Alexander agreed to turn back At Babylon Alexander becomes ill and dies at age 32

Alexander's Legacy Macedonian Generals fought over who should control the empire Antigonus became king of Macedonia and Greek city-states Ptolemy seized Egypt and became pharaoh Seleucus took old Persian Empire They ignored democratic traditions and ruled with complete power

Cultural Impact Tried to unite Macedonians and Persians. Alexander adopted Persian dress Married a Persian women Persians and other foreigners joined the army Greek and Eastern customs began to blend