System Analysis and Design: Created By AMJED KHAN BHATTI Assistant Professor Department of Computer Sciences Govt. PG College Rajouri

1. SYSTEM 2. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4. SYSTEM DESIGN 5 1. SYSTEM 2.SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4. SYSTEM DESIGN 5. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE(SDLC)

What is a System? The word System is derived from Greek word Systema, which means an organized relationship between any set of components to achieve some common cause or objective. A system is “an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific goal.” Constraints of a System A system must have three basic constraints − 1. A system must have some structure and behavior which is designed to achieve a predefined objective. 2. Interconnectivity and interdependence must exist among the system components. 3.The objectives of the organization have a higher priority than the objectives of its subsystems. For example, traffic management system, payroll system, automatic library system, human resources information system.

Systems development is systematic process which includes phases such as planning, analysis, design, deployment, and maintenance. So, we will primarily focus on − Systems analysis Systems design Systems Analysis It is a process of collecting and interpreting facts, identifying the problems, and decomposition of a system into its components. System analysis is a problem solving technique that improves the system and ensures that all the components of the system work efficiently to accomplish their purpose. Analysis specifies what the system should do.

System Analysis Systems analysis defines the problems to be solved and provides the architecture of the proposed system. The terms analysis and synthesis come from Greek where they mean respectively "to take apart" and "to put together". Analysis is defined as the procedure by which we break down an intellectual or substantial whole into parts. Synthesis is defined as the procedure by which we combine separate elements or components in order to form a coherent whole.

Systems Design It is a process of planning a new business system or replacing an existing system by defining its components or modules to satisfy the specific requirements. Before planning, you need to understand the old system thoroughly and determine how computers can best be used in order to operate efficiently. System Design focuses on how to accomplish the objective of the system. System Analysis and Design (SAD) mainly focuses on Systems Processes Technology

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The SDLC in system analysis and design aims to produce a high quality system that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within time and cost estimates, works effectively and efficiently in the current and planned Information Technology infrastructure, and is inexpensive to maintain and cost-effective to enhance.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Requirement Gathering, System Analysis, Design, Coding, Testing, Maintenance and Documentation

Systems Development Life Cycle Phase 1. Planning Review project requests Prioritize project requests Allocate resources Identify project development team Identifying business value Analyze feasibility Develop work plan Staff the project Control and direct project

Systems Development Life Cycle Phase 2. Analysis Conduct preliminary investigation. Determine exact nature of problem or improvement and whether it is worth pursuing. Findings are presented in feasibility report (feasibility study) Perform detailed analysis activities: Study current system Determine user requirements Recommend solution Analysis strategy Gathering business requirements Requirements definition Process modeling Data modeling

Systems Development Life Cycle Phase 3. Design Assesses feasibility of each alternative solution How system will be developed Recommends the most feasible solution Design selection Architecture design Interface design Data storage design Program design

Systems Development Life Cycle Phase 4. Implementation Construction Program building Develop programs Install and test new system Program and system testing Installation Conversion strategy Training plan Convert to new system Support plan

Systems Development Life Cycle Phase 5. Support and Maintenance Conduct post-implementation system review Identify errors and enhancements Monitor system performance

LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Steps involved in Analysis and Design Requirements Determinations Requirements Specifications Feasibility Analysis Final Specifications Hardware Study System Design System Implementation System evaluation System Modification

LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Step 1 : Requirements Determination Arrived at by a consensus among managers Priorities among applications determined Pick high priority applications.

LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Step 2 : Requirements Specification Known as System Requirements Specification (SRS) Understand the existing System Applications where a system is required are listed Arrive at the specifications of the users’ Requirements after discussions with the user A system may encompass several applications

LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Step 3 : Feasibility Analysis Formulate Goals of the system and quantify goals Find alternative methods of meeting the goals   For each alternative assess resources needed - Human Resources - Time and Money - Equipment needed Assess cost of each alternative Find the best alternative method subject to resource constraints

LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Step 4 : Final Specifications Specifications would state what the system would achieve. Specification drawn up are improved for implementation. SRS written- given to user and agreement reached

LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Step 5 : Hardware Study Determine Hardware and Software required to execute the application. Determine Response time, Volume of data to be processed, Frequency of reports etc & then pick the hardware.

LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Step 6 : System Design Logical Design of the System Objects Identified Database Designed Program Specification drawn up Implementation Plan Drawn up Test Plan

LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Step 7 : System Implementation Write Programs Create Database Document System Train Users Trial run of the system Test and Accept

Step 8 : System evaluation LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Step 8 : System evaluation Find out from Users whether the System meets specified requirements. List areas of dissatisfaction and find reasons Suggest if there has to be any improvements to the system

LIFE CYCLE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Step 9 : System Modification Fix errors Add/Delete features as required by users Tune the System Continuously monitor system and assess performance

System Life Cycle Diagram Revised Prioritized Requirements Specifications User Requirements Requirements Determination Requirements Specification Feasibility Analysis Decision to Design Information System Test Plan Feasibility Study Logical Design Functional Specifications System Implementation System Design System Specification Analysis System Physical Requirements Configuration Data System Evaluation Hardware Study Budget & schedule Revised Requirements System Maintenance Improved System

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