Introduction of Week 5 Assignment Discussion 2011 Fall Assignment Discussion Graded 2-1 (VM): DVD issue, VM workstation, activation key, troubleshoot skills Graded 2-2 (Paper on DBA): academic source (not internet), citation and style, turnitin.com, your expectation, and quality of research Turned in: 3-1-1 (DBMS installation) Due this week: 3-1-2 (creation of database) Review of previous week and module Database design including conceptual, logical and physical Oracle database creation Overview of this week Database Connectivity Oracle Database Connectivity and Network ITEC 450

Module 2 Database Installation and Configuration 2011 Fall Module 2 Database Installation and Configuration ITEC 450 Section 5 Database Connectivity

Multi-tier Client/Server Architecture 2011 Fall Thinnest clients Business rules on separate server ITEC 450 DBMS only on DB server

Functions of Tiers 2011 Fall ITEC 450

Database Connectivity API 2011 Fall The database connectivity application programming interface (API) performs three functions: Establish a connection with a database or access any tabular data source Send SQL statements Process the results There are many standards of API’s. For DBMS- independent usage, the most common ones are ODBC and JDBC. ODBC goal is to make it possible to access any data (relational or non-relational) from any application, regardless of which DBMS is handling the data. JDBC is for between the Java programming language and a wide range of database. ITEC 450

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC ) Architecture 2011 Fall Client does not need to know anything about the DBMS Application Program Interface (API) provides common interface to all DBMSs ITEC 450 Each DBMS has its own ODBC-compliant driver

ODBC Role 2011 Fall ITEC 450

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Architecture 2011 Fall JDBC API contains two major sets of interfaces First, the JDBC API for application writes Second, the lower-level JDBC driver API for driver writers JDBC technology drivers fit into one of four categories JDBC-ODBC bridge plus ODBC drivers A native API partly Java technology-enabled driver: converts JDBC into DBMS- specific client API ITEC 450

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Architecture (continue) 2011 Fall Four categories (continue) Direct-to-Database pure Java Driver: converts JDBC into DBMS-specific network protocol, allowing a direct call from the client machine to the DBMS server Pure Java Driver for Database Middleware: translates JDBC into a DBMS protocol by a middleware server, which is then translated to a DBMS protocol by a middleware server. The middleware provides connectivity to many different databases. ITEC 450

Module 2 Database Installation and Configuration 2011 Fall Module 2 Database Installation and Configuration ITEC 450 Section 6 Oracle 11g Connectivity and Network

Oracle NET Services Oracle Net Oracle Net Listener 2011 Fall Oracle Net Service is a suite of networking components that provide enterprise-wide connectivity solutions in distributed, heterogeneous computing environments. Oracle Net Oracle Net Listener Oracle Connection Manager Networking Tools Oracle Advanced Security ITEC 450

C1: Oracle NET 2011 Fall Oracle Net enables a network session from a client application to an Oracle database server. Once a network session is established, Oracle Net acts as the data courier for both the client application and the database server. Network protocols: TCP/IP, TCP/IP with SSL, Named Pipes ITEC 450

C2: Oracle NET Listener 2011 Fall Oracle Net listener, commonly known as the listener, brokers a client request, handing off the request to the server. It is the operation unique to the Oracle database server. Once a connection is established, the client and Oracle database server communicate directly with one another. ITEC 450

C2: Listener Configuration 2011 Fall The default listener configuration file is called “listener.ora”, and it is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory. The file contains a protocol address that identifies the database. Example file of “listener.ora” LISTENER= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales- server)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))) SID_LIST_LISTENER= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (SID_NAME=plsextproc) (ORACLE_HOME=/oracle10g) (PROGRAM=extproc))) ITEC 450

C2: Listener Management 2011 Fall Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or Command Line (lsnrctl) View information C:> lsnrctl status Current status, availability, alias, version, Oracle home, Net address, configuration file location, start time, host Stop the listener C:> lsnrctl stop Start the listener C:> lsnrctl start It is set to start automatically whenever your server computer is restarted ITEC 450

C2: Connect Descriptor Connection Requests User name Password 2011 Fall Connection Requests User name Password Connect identifier Naming Methods to a Connect Descriptor “tnsnames.ora” LDAP External ITEC 450 Connect Descriptor Protocol Database service name Database Service Listener

C2: Naming Methods 2011 Fall A naming method is a resolution method used by a client application to resolve a connect identifier to a connect descriptor when attempting to connect to a database service. Oracle Net provides support for following naming methods: Local naming – local file “tnsnames.ora” Directory naming – LDAP-compliant directory server Easy connect naming – TCP/IP connect string External naming – third-party naming service such as Network Information Service (NIS) ITEC 450

C2: Local Naming 2011 Fall Local Naming is most appropriate for simple distributed networks with a small number of services that change infrequently. It resolves a “net service name” stored in a “tnsnames.ora” file. The default “tnsnames.ora” file is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory. When you create a database using DBCA, local naming is configured automatically. ITEC 450

C3: Oracle Connection Manager 2011 Fall Oracle connection manager is a router through which a client connection request may be sent either to its next hop or directly to the database server. It is a software component that resides on its own computer, separate from a client or an Oracle database server. ITEC 450

C4: Networking Tools 2011 Fall Oracle Net Services provides user interface tools to easily configure, manage, and monitor the network. Oracle Net Configuration Assistant Configures listeners and Naming Methods To start Oracle Net Configuration Assistant: On Windows, choose Start > Programs > Oracle - HOME_NAME > Configuration and Migration Tools > Net Configuration Assistant On UNIX, run netca from $ORACLE_HOME/bin. Oracle Enterprise Manager Oracle Net Manager Enables you to configure Oracle Net Services for an Oracle home on a local client or server host. Can fine-tune the listener and naming method ITEC 450

Wrap Up Assignment 5-1: Research Paper: Database Connectivity 2011 Fall Assignment 5-1: Research Paper: Database Connectivity Note: you are not limited to Oracle DBMS. If you would like to research on a different DBMS, such as SQL Server or DB2, please feel free to do so. Assignment 5-2: Arrange for a Proctor for Mid- Term ITEC 450