Mike.Elliott@hull.ac.uk With all of the WP2 team Ecological Functioning - Its Role in Harmonising Ecological and Economic Goods & Services Mike.Elliott@hull.ac.uk With all of the WP2 team

Ecological & economic goods & services Functioning, legislative drivers, & in-situ & ex-situ pressures Ecosystem Approach Hey, YOU the ecology-manager - how many invertebrates do you want in the estuary? how many fishes do you want in the estuary? how many birds do you want in the estuary? how much saltmarsh do you want around the estuary?

Ecological & economic goods & services Functioning, legislative drivers, & in-situ & ex-situ pressures Ecosystem Approach Hey, YOU the Lord Mayor - how much protection do you want around the estuary? how many fishermen do you want in the estuary? how much land claim do you want from the estuary? how much pollution do you want in the estuary? how many ships do you want in the estuary? how many people do you want around the estuary?

Ecological & economic goods & services Functioning, legislative drivers, & in-situ & ex-situ pressures Ecosystem Approach Hey, YOU - how much science do you want for the estuary? how much ecological carrying capacity do you want in the estuary? how much socio-economic carrying capacity do you want in the estuary?

700 pages of sheer brilliance! WP2 Integrated Report - Table of Contents Chapter 1: In Introduction to Estuarine Ecosystem Functioning, Restoration and Health Chapter 2: The Links between Hydromorphology, Ecology and Management Chapter 3: Habitat Status Chapter 4: Habitat Use Chapter 5: Pressures on Habitats and Transitional Waters Chapter 6: Tools for Management: Conservation Goals, Habitat Needs and Indices of Ecological Quality Chapter 7: Habitat Loss Chapter 8: Habitat Restoration Chapter 9: Habitat Gain Chapter 10: Management Plans for Transitional Waters Chapter 11: Discussion and Recommendations 700 pages of sheer brilliance!

Ecological & economic goods & services Functioning Ecosystem Approach What should there be (status)? & why (habitat needs)? Regain carrying capacity What is lost (reduced carrying capacity)? Produce Management Plan! Measure functioning (need indices of change) Permanent habitat loss Temporary habitat loss Can it be recovered? Recreate habitats Restore habitat Yes No Water quality barrier Report to EU HMWB (hydromorphology) Compensate the system Economic justification (xGEcS) Remedial action - pollution control

Ecological & economic goods & services Legislative Drivers Ecosystem Approach Decide conservation goals Decide quantitative standards Decide SMART objectives Report to EU/OSPAR Surveillance monitoring Remedial work Agree licences/permits/consents Create/agree methods Pass Check AQC/QA Investigative monitoring Produce Management Plan! Perform compliance monitoring Fail Check compliance with standards

Ecological & economic goods & services Response to In-situ pressures Ecosystem Approach Materials taken out What does society want? Materials put in Reported to EU/OSPAR Loss of ecological carrying capacity Maintenance of socio-economic carrying capacity Breach legislative driver Quantify EII 1 (hydromorphology) Quantify EII 2 (pressures) Spatial & temporal change Remediation/mitigation/ compensation Lead to (quantify) EII 3 (environmental quality) Produce Management Plan!

Ecological & economic goods & services Response to Ex-situ pressures Ecosystem Approach Unmanaged exogenic pressures Flooding/ storminess Relative sea-level rise Coastal squeeze erosion Options: Hold the line / retreat the line / advance the line / do nothing Mitigation/ compensation/ acceptance Soft/hard engineering Wins for safety, economy, ecology Produce Flood Risk, Shoreline Management, Habitat etc Management Plans Best practice in habitat creation Need for single management plan?!

Ecological & economic goods & services Functioning, legislative drivers, & in-situ & ex-situ pressures Ecosystem Approach So what’s wrong and why do we need harmonised management! (not all bleak!): Sectors cooperating (e.g.) Disciplines cooperating (e.g.) Agencies cooperating (e.g.) Countries cooperating (e.g.) Governance harmonised (e.g.?)