Life in the Industrial Age
The Industrial Revolution Spreads
Why did some nations industrialize sooner than others? Natural resources (Germany, France, U.S.) Coal & Iron deposits Wood Waterways Industrial advantages Followed Britain’s lead Stolen goods Plans for textile factory in RI smuggled out of Britain Watt’s steam engine powered Fulton’s steamboat
Eastern & southern European countries didn’t have such advantages Japanese revolution 1868 made modernization a priority
FX Social changes Global changes Rapid urbanization Long hours in difficult conditions Low pay Dropping prices due to factories Made luxury goods affordable for all people Demand for more goods produces more jobs Global changes Fierce national competition Due to advantages, the west dominated the world (through trade) more than ever
New Technology Steel – lighter & cheaper than iron Henry Bessemer the Bessemer Process
Chemistry Aspirin, soaps, & chemical fertilizers Alfred Nobel
Electricity Michael Faraday
Business Capital – resources ($$$$) needed to start a business Stock – public shares of a company Corporations – publicly owned large businesses
Move toward Monopoly Mergers Cartels – organizations that set prices Captains of Industry/Robber-Barons Krupps, Huntingtons, & Rockefellers Anti-trust legislation by the early 1900’s
Medicine blows up the population even more! The Rise of Cities Medicine blows up the population even more! Louis Pasteur Discovered link between germs & disease Pasteurization – kills bad germs in milk Robert Koch ID’d bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB) Hygiene improves as people’s understanding does too
Medicine Ctd. Hospital care improved Still dangerous though Anesthesia – more experimental operations Florence Nightingale Insisted on better hygiene in British hospitals Joseph Lister Antiseptics prevent infection Insisted that doctors sterilize surgical tools
Urban Sprawl in America City Life Changes Urban Renewal Rebuilding of poor areas Tear down medieval buildings & put in wider, straighter streets (France) Urban Sprawl in America Rich live in pleasant areas outside city (suburbs) Poor left in the inner city Paved streets, gas lamps, electric lights, Oh My!!
Clean water reduces the risk of disease?!?! WHAT?!?! Sewer lines cost some major cash!!!! But they also dramatically cut the death rate of major cities (London & Paris) Housing still sucked though…
Working Conditions start to get better… Labor Unions begin organizing Better working conditions Wage increases Benefits If demands are not met…. STRIKE!!!! Child labor laws went into effect Employers in Germany established pensions & disability insurance These improvements led to higher standards of living Better diets More leisure time Disposable income