PHILOSOPHY PRINCIPLES ETHICS

PHILOSOPHY - refers to the system of concepts, principles, and values that drive what it is

Concept –Stone (1986) Guiding Healing Facilitating Modifying Restructuring Developing Influencing communicating

Process concept Individual is unique People has dignity Our experiences are different Counseling is educational in nature Helping is a process with own structure and systems Helping relationship is important

RELATIONSHIP –PROBLEM AND EXPERTISE

Concept -conclusion Achieving something Human services –human as unit Relationship of two „different‟ individual Process –dynamic Technique –assist in achieving goal

Principles NO PERSON MAY DECIDE FOR ANOTHER WHAT OCCUPATION HE SHOULD CHOOSE BUT IT IS POSSIBLE TO HELP HIM TO APPROACH THE PROBLEM THAT SHALL COME TO WISE CONCLUSION FOR HIMSELF (FRANK PARSON, 1909)

PRINCIPLES … GUIDANCE DOES NOT MEAN THAT OLDER PEOPLE WILL IMPOSE IDEAS UPON CHILDREN; THE BUSINESS OF THE TEACHER IS RATHER TO PROVIDE THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH EACH CHILD WILL MAKE FOR HIMSELF THE SRIES OF CHOICES WHICH WILL DETERMINE HIS COURSE OF LIFE. BREWER (1918)

PRINCIPLES DO NOT GIVE ADVICE (when doing counseling) … WHAT THE COUNSELEE NEEDS IS ABILITY TO HANDLE SITUATIONS, HIMSELF, NOT ADVICE TO FOLLOW (try not to give advise as necessary as possible) WATSON & SPENCE (1930)

Top Eight Attributes of an Effective Advisor/Guider/Counselor (Miller, 2018) Communication Skills Acceptance Empathy Problem-Solving Skills Rapport-Building Skills Flexibility Self-Awareness Multicultural Competency

Code of ethics This Code of Ethics expresses the ethical principles and values of the Counselling Association and serves as a guide to the professional conduct of all its members. It also informs the public which they serve of the standards of ethical conduct for which members are to be responsible and accountable

Basic ethical guideline –Kitchener (1984) Respect for autonomy Non maleficience Beneficence Justice fidelity

RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY Respect for inherent freedom and dignity of each person Free to make choice for themselves A person without freedom is a person without dignity A person is responsible for him or herself Autonomy has limit –one’s action cannot interfere with the freedom of others and autonomy must be based on an understanding and meaning of implication of one’s choice

Nonmaleficence Avoiding harm and preventable risks Use techniques that will not harm client Competency of helper Client must not worse off than he or she began!

BENEFICENCE Responsible to do good to client and society at large (potential client) Limit of competency Promote public welfare

JUSTICE Obligation to act fairly Recognize dignity of all people Avoid bias in professional action “Justice means treating equals equally and unequal unequally, in proportion to their inequality” (Kitchener, 1984) Avoid prejudice of gender, race, religion, economic status

FIDELITY Faithfulness to the promises made and to the truth Loyalty –place client interest ahead of our own Role of trust –as client is vulnerable

Code of Ethics -basis Local values Not a static document Respect for dignity of a person Based on right and opportunities Responsibility for community Integrity in relationship

Malaysia Context Malaysian Counseling Association Code of Ethics Counselor Act 1998