NGC3184 Tetyana Dyachyshyn Professor Jennifer West University of Manitoba April 7, 2016 1

Outline Introduction Data and observations Basic information Location in the sky Images from other telescopes Other interesting details Data and observations Observing conditions Final image reduction Best manipulated images Current research and knowledge Background paper and how it relates to the object Image Colorization Focus area 2

Introduction Basic information NGC 3184 is a grand face-on spiral galaxy. Other designations: UGC 5557 Nucleus: small and bright Arms: long and sprawling; blue (bright young stars)  http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap000920.html http://www.calvin.edu/academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr212.Spring2013/ Gibes.html 3

Introduction Location in the sky Equatorial Coordinates:              RA (J2016) 10h 18m 18s            Dec (J2016) +41° 20' 09‘’ Constellation: one degree east of the 3rd magnitude star Tania Australis (μUMa) 40 Mly away 4

Introduction Images from other telescopes   Red filter Size: 7'×7' Telescope: Oschin Scmidt – D (distorted Tangent plane projection)           Instrument: Photographic Plate           Date/Time: 21 March 1990 at 04:23:00           Exposure Time: 75 minutes Resolution: 2“ Bandpass: 422-965 THz                               Credit: Digitized Sky Survey 5

Introduction Images from other telescopes Radio part of the spectrum (21 cm - red) Red – HII Center – neutral Hydrogen gas Green – 8micron emission Spitzer Space Telescope 6

Data and observations Observing conditions February 11, 2016 Sayeema - 15 degrees C 10% covered Waxing crescent moon Transparency average Seeing poor 2/5 March 13, 2007 David, Nicole, Randi, Aaron, Caroline -5 degrees C Cloud cover in the beginning: 5/10 covered; in the end (1/10 covered) University of Manitoba GAO Observing Logbook 7

Data and observations 2016 Final image January 28, 2016 8

Data and observations 2016 Final image unique processing steps Dark: 2m exposure Flat: 2m exposure Dark: 60s exposure Data: 60s exposure 9

Data and observations Best manipulated images 332rgb Nucleus 10

Data and observations Best manipulated images Fire Faint regions 11

Data and observations Best manipulated images ICA Star forming regions 12

Data and observations Best manipulated images Grayscale 13

Current research and knowledge Research topic A supernova is a large explosion that takes place at the end of a star's life cycle. Supernova IIP: the luminosity decays at a slower rate. Stars with an initial mass up to about 90 times the sun, or a little less at high metalicity, are expected to result in a type II-P supernova which is the most commonly observed type. “Supernovas of this type change brightness in a predictable way and may be searched for in the distant universe as distance indicators. “ Credits: NASA 14

Current research and knowledge Research paper An upper mass limit for the progenitor of the TypeII-P supernova SN1999gi Stephen J. Smartt, Gerard F. Gilmore, Neil Trentham, Christopher A. Tout, Colin M. Frayn Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 OHA, Cambridge, England http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0105453 25 May 2001 15

Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper Supernova type: II-P Discovered on: December 9th 1999 Discovered by: Nakano & Kushida Magnitude: 14.5 Location: young OB star cluster 2.3kpc from the centre of NGC3184 Observations by: the Wide-Field-Planetary-Camera-2 (WFPC2) on board of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) two times through the filters F606W and F300W Distance to NGC3184: 7.9Mpc (the massive and brightest stars are resolved as single objects 16

Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper The distance to NGC3184 has been estimated by three methods which give approximate value of 7.9 ± 2 Mpc. the recession velocity the tertiary calibration the Type Ia calibration Resolved observations prior to explosion helped to identify the location of Supernova in NGC3184. 17

Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper Estimated upper mass limit to the progenitor of 9M⊙ Observations of the galaxy NGC3184 were taken with the Wide-Field-Planetary Camera-2 (WFPC2) on board the Hubble Space Telescope on two separate occasions through the filters F606W and F300W centered on 5957˚A and 2911˚A respectively. ⊙ - symbol for Sun 18

Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper Resolved Before After (2001) 19

Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper Two hot luminous blue stars OB1-1 and OB1-2: 4 M yrs Very massive OB-supergiants (40-60M⊙) Abundant in metal However, the supernova progenitor was not a high mass star, in fact it was fainter than the brightest stars detectable. Therefore, the age of the cluster is not the same for all stars. The average age would be 25±10 M yrs. Progenitor: 29 M yrs A 9M⊙ 20

Current Research and Knowledge Research Paper Conclusion SN1999gi was not a very high mass star. SN1999gi very likely had an initial mass of less than 9+3 −2M⊙. Plans for Future This project will allow astronomers to improve the study of pre-explosion sites of supernovae in the future. 21

Focus area Optical 22

Focus area Ultraviolet 23

Focus area Infrared 24

References Smartt S, Gilmore G, Trentham N, Tout C & Frayn C. 2001. An upper mass limit for the progenitor of the TypeII-P supernova SN1999gi. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0105453 NASA. 2013. What is a Supernova http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-a-supernova.html Image J Software https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/ Gibes K. 2013. Spiral Galaxy NGC 3184. Calvin College, USA http://www.calvin.edu/academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr212.Spring2013/Gibes.html University of Manitoba GAO Observing Logbook. 2007 http://www.physics.umanitoba.ca/astro/gaodata/logs/2007.pdf NASA. Skyview http://skyview.gsfc.nasa.gov/current/cgi/query.pl SAOImage DS9 Version 7.4 http://ds9.si.edu/site/Home.html 25