Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ischemic preconditioning in open heart operations Zhong-Kai Wu, MD, PhD, Jari Laurikka, MD, PhD, Antti Saraste, MD, PhD, Ville.

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Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ischemic preconditioning in open heart operations Zhong-Kai Wu, MD, PhD, Jari Laurikka, MD, PhD, Antti Saraste, MD, PhD, Ville Kytö, MB, Erkki J Pehkonen, MD, PhD, Timo Savunen, MD, PhD, Matti R Tarkka, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 76, Issue 2, Pages 528-534 (August 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00432-6

Fig 1 Cardiac index (CI) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Ischemic preconditioning (dotted line) significantly improved postoperative CI recovery (p = 0.036, analysis of variance for repeated measures). (POD = postoperative day.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 528-534DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00432-6)

Fig 2 Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Ischemic preconditioning (dotted line) significantly improved postoperative RVEF recovery (p = 0.001, analysis of variance for repeated measures). (POD = postoperative day.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 528-534DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00432-6)

Fig 3 A TUNEL-positive cardiomyocyte in a sample obtained during reperfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass. (A) The positive TUNEL reaction is visible as a dark staining in the nucleus (black arrow). (B) Immunohistochemical staining of the same cell with an antibody to cardiac myosin demonstrates the cardiomyocyte origin of the cell (white arrow). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 528-534DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00432-6)

Fig 4 Cardiac troponin I (CTnI) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Cardioplegic ischemia and reperfusion significantly increased serum CTnI release. Similar amounts of CTnI were found in ischemic preconditioning (dotted line) and control (straight line) patients. (POD = postoperative day.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 528-534DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00432-6)

Fig 5 Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Cardioplegic ischemia and reperfusion significantly increased serum cardiac tropinin I release. Similar amounts of CK-MB were found in ischemic preconditioning (dotted line) and control (straight line) patients. (POD = postoperative day.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 528-534DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00432-6)