Software comes from heaven when you have good hardware. Ken Olsen Cosc 2P12 Week 1 Software comes from heaven when you have good hardware. Ken Olsen

2P12 Overview Course Website Course Outline Text Book is Digital Course Requirements Rules No talking Don’t be afraid to ask questions Respect the class Turn off cell phones

How to Pass 2P12 Come to lectures. Purchase the text book. Free marks for the taking Read the text and complete the exercises. Go to labs. These have a tutorial component which will make life easy and act as a primer for the assignments. Commit 10 hrs per week to the course.

How to Fail 2P12 Don’t come to class. The instructor posts the PowerPoint slides so the lectures are useless. Don’t go to labs. Attendance is not taken, so why bother going? Don’t read the text book. This stuff is boring. Blow off assignments, because they are not worth much. Or, start assignments the night before they are due. Or, plagiarize assignments. Party hard all term. Then try to cram ten week’s material into the day before the final exam.

Zybooks Online text book. Consists primarily of two parts: Participation Activities (Learning) It is recommended these be completed prior to the lecture. Challenge Activities (Testing) It is recommended these be completed after the lecture. 10% of your final grade will be based on these activities.

Participation Activities

Challenge Activities

Abstract View of a Computer

Compiler & Computer as Black Box

Assembly& Machine Language Abstraction

Generalized Computer Archetecture

General Registers in a Computer

Program Counter

Fetch Decode Execute Cycle Data is acted upon based on the instruction. Figure out what the instruction is, configure the cpu accordingly. Start Here, Get instruction from memory

Cycle of Steps Fetch Instruction Update Program Counter (Partial Decode) Decode Instruction (Full Decode) Load Operand(s) May result in memory references May use Regiters within the CPU Execute Operation Store Result

Instruction Set Architecture The assembly level instructions which can be successfully decoded and executed. Once decoded the execution engine will be either CISC RISC

RISC vs CISC

Base 10 numbers

Hex, Binary & Decimal

Base 16 Numbers

Base 8 Numbers

Base Conversion using Division

Binary to Decimal

Difficulties in Number Representation finite size (number of bits) in a computer e.g. 8 bit computer, +127 to -127 This is a magnitude problem infinite number of integers infinite # of rationals between any two integers infinite # of irrationals between any two rational # e.g. Pi = 3.141592654 This is a precision problem infinite # of rationals between any two irrationals

Representing Fractions Moving right from the radix point, each digit has decreasing weight of an additional factor of the base. 0.543210 represents 5x10-1 + 4x10-2 + 3x10-3 + 2x10-4 0.100112 represents 1x2-1 + 0x2-2 + 0x2-3 + 1x2-4 + 1x2-5

Fraction Transformation Precision

End