Blood Typing.

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Presentation transcript:

Blood Typing

Blood typing is a method to tell what specific type of blood you have. What type you have depends on whether or not there are certain proteins, called antigens, on the cell membranes of your red blood cells.

Human blood groups RBC membranes bear many different antigens Antigen: anything perceived as foreign that can generate an immune response RBC antigens are referred to as agglutinogens because they promote agglutination

Human Blood Groups Humans have at least 30 naturally occurring RBC antigens. Presence or absence of each antigen is used to classify blood cells into different groups. Some blood groups (MNS, Duffy, Kell, and Lewis) are only weak agglutinogens Not usually typed unless patient will need several transfusions

ABO blood typing system Antigens of ABO and Rh blood groups cause most vigorous transfusion reactions; therefore, they are major groups typed This method breaks blood types down into four types: Type A Type B Type AB Type O Your blood type (or blood group) depends on the types that are been passed down to you from your parents.

ABO Blood Group System Blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens – A and B – on the surface of red blood cells:

ABO Blood Group System Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma) Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma)

ABO Blood Group System Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma) Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Blood being tested Serum Anti-A Anti-B Type AB (contains agglutinogens A and B; agglutinates with both sera) RBCs Type A (contains agglutinogen A; agglutinates with anti-A) Type B (contains agglutinogen B; agglutinates with anti-B) Type O (contains no agglutinogens; does not agglutinate with either serum) © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the Rh factor, which can be either present (+) or absent ( – ). Rh+ indicates presence of D antigen 85% Americans are Rh+

Blood typing game https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/

Why blood typing matters (start at 2.22) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfZhb6lmxjk