Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management Systems NSF Engineering Research Center UM ENERGY SUMMIT April 23, 2009

NSF Engineering Research Center NSF Engineering Research Centers promote partnerships among researchers in different disciplines and between industry and universities. –They focus on integrated engineered systems and produce technological innovations that strengthen the competitive position of industry. –Their graduates are well-rounded, professionally oriented engineers with a global outlook, experience in technological innovation, and the ability to assume leadership roles in industry, academe, and government. Funded at $18.5 million for five years. Renewable up to ten years FREEDM is the only ERC in power and energy engineering

U.S. Electric Power Industry Net Generation by Fuel Source, 2006

Cost of Electricity – An amazing century 2006

Innovation & Industry Transformation Energy Crisis Security Sustainability Climate Change Green and renewable energy

9 Vision An efficient and revolutionary power grid Integrating distributed and scalable alternative energy sources and storage with existing power systems Facilitating a green-energy-based economy Mitigating the growing energy crisis; and Reducing the impact of carbon emissions.

10 Center Goals Develop fundamental and enabling technologies and demonstrate the FREEDM System. Foster a revolution in innovation and technology in the electric power and sustainable energy industries. Educate a new system-oriented and globally engaged workforce for a green-energy-based economy.

A Paradigm Shift like the Internet Shipping 250M pcs/yr. Ubiquitous ownership Ubiquitous use Ubiquitous sharing Pre-1980s Internet Paradigm Shift Distributed Computing Centralized Mainframes Innovation & Industry Transformation

Paradigm Shift for the Power Industry Ubiquitous sales Ubiquitous ownership Ubiquitous use Ubiquitous sharing Today Centralized Generation 100+ year old technology New energy companies based on IT and power electronics technologies Paradigm Shift FREEDMSystem Innovation & Industry Transformation Distributed Renewable Energy Resources (DRER) New technologies for distributed renewable energy

13 System Capability A new delivery system to allow: Plug-and-play of any Distributed Renewable Energy Resource (DRER) anywhere and anytime. Plug-and-play of any Distributed Energy Storage Device (DESD) anywhere and anytime. A new management system for DRER and DESD: Distributed intelligence (i.e. grid operation system) Reliable and secured communication

IEM: Intelligent Energy Management IFM: Intelligent Fault Management DRER: Distributed Renewable Energy Resource DESD: Distributed Energy Storage Device 10 kVA 100 kVA 1 MVA FREEDM System Diagram

17 IEM IFM Four generations of technology development

18 Fundamental Science Nanofiber Li-ion Cell (250WH/kg, 3.5 kW/kg, cycle) Todays Advanced Li-ion Cell 3 X improvement in Li-ion energy*power density Cost reduction 10 X energy density in ultracapacitor 4.5 kV, 125 o C, 150 kW/cm 2 Silicon Bipolar Technology 15 kV, 200 o C, 350 kW/cm 2 Silicon Carbide IGBT Technology and 600V, 100A GaN Technology 15 X improvement in speed*power

19 Enabling Technology Conventional Transformer Solid State Transformer (SST) 5 X size reduction 10 X weight reduction 12kV AC 480V AC Todays High Power Li-ion battery 5 kWH Distributed Energy Storage Device (DESD) 3 X reduction in size cost reduction

20 Broad Industry Support A new national coalition focused on renewable electric energy infrastructure. Growing potential for leveraged support. 59 committed industry partners 18 innovation partners Medium: Small: International: Large:

Pipeline of future engineers for green energy economy and graying power systems workforce: Continuum of programs from middle school to Ph.D. Industry training and lifelong learning Undergrad concentration in Renewable Energy Systems Research Experiences for Undergraduates M.S. program in Renewable Energy Systems ERC research findings to be integrated in new and existing courses Pipeline of future leaders, innovators, and creators for green energy economy: Innovative ERC graduate student portfolio program Required and assessed for all ERC graduate students Education Program

Pre-College Outreach School partnerships (9 middle, 5 high school) RETs (54 over 5 yrs.) New renewable energy curricular activities Young Scholars (99 over 5 yrs.) Summer academic programs (2 sites per year) for students from underrepresented groups ERC sponsored NC Science Olympiad Research faculty and student involvement Assessment

23 Core Partner Universities NC State University Missouri University of Science & Technology Florida State University Arizona State University Florida A & M University International Universities Aachen University (Germany) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Switzerland) Affiliated Universities Virginia Tech Auburn University University of Washington Oregon State Univ. of Buffalo ERC Team National Laboratories Sandia National Lab (SNL) National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) National Electric Technology Lab (NETL) Industry Partners (59 companies) Innovation Partners (18) Pre-College Partners 9 middle schools 5 high schools

24 Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) Independent guide to ERC in scientific/engineering exploration Advise on changes in strategic research plan on an annual basis Six world-renowned experts in power electronics & power system Energy Policy Advisory Board (EPAB) A reality check where the ERC meets the market 7 utility company and utility commission members Chair: Dr. Rajendra Pachauri, Nobel Prize Winner and Chair, UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Industry Advisory Board (IAB) Proposal evaluation and ranking; working groups Representatives of full and associate member companies External Advisory Boards

Contact: Mariesa L. Crow, Ph.D., P.E. F. Finley Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering Director, Energy Research & Development Center Missouri S&T Together, we can make a change